Effect of Metal Oxides on the Combustion Characteristics of Al-Based Thermite
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摘要: 为了探究金属氧化物种类对铝热剂燃烧特性的影响，选取了Bi2O3、Fe2O3、MnO2、CuO和MoO3 5种金属氧化物，采用液相混合制备了二元铝热剂，对5种铝热剂的反应热值、自蔓延燃烧特性、反应压力与点火延迟时间等燃烧特性进行了系统研究。结果表明：金属氧化物种类对铝热剂的燃烧特性有显著影响；Al-MoO3具有最高反应热（氩气中为(4.10±0.05) kJ/g）、火焰蔓延速率（(18.77±1.23) m/s）、火焰温度以及最短的点火延迟时间（(1.15±0.06) s）；Al-Bi2O3表现出最高的压力峰值和升压速率，压力峰值分别为Al-CuO、Al-MnO2、Al-Fe2O3、Al-MoO3的1.9、3.5、14.6、24.3倍。通过选择合适的金属氧化剂，可以实现铝热剂燃烧特性调控，为其在军事和工业领域应用提供参考。Abstract: To explore the influence of various metal oxides on the combustion behavior of Al-based thermites, five metal oxides (Bi2O3, Fe2O3, MnO2, CuO, and MoO3), were selected and synthesized via a liquid-phase mixing method. The combustion characteristics, including reaction energy, self-propagating combustion properties, reaction pressure, and ignition delay time, were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the choice of metal oxide significantly impacted the combustion performance of Al-based thermites. Among them, Al-MoO3 exhibited the highest reaction energy in an Ar atmosphere ((4.10±0.05) kJ/g), the fastest flame spead rate ((18.77±1.23) m/s), the highest flame temperature, and the shortest ignition delay time ((1.15±0.06) s). Meanwhile, Al-Bi2O3 generated the highest peak pressure and pressure rise rate, with its peak pressure being 1.9, 3.5, 14.6, and 24.3 times greater than those of Al-CuO, Al-MnO2, Al-Fe2O3, and Al-MoO3, respectively. These findings highlight the potential to regulate thermite combustion properties through strategic metal oxide selection, providing a theoretical foundation for military and industrial applications.
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Key words:
- Al thermite /
- combustion properties /
- metal oxides /
- reaction pressure
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图 3 不同气氛下5种铝热剂的反应热值
Figure 3. Reaction energy of five Al-based thermites in different atmospheres
图 4 5种铝热剂燃烧过程的高速图像序列
Figure 4. High-speed image sequences of combustion processes of five Al-based thermites
图 6 5种铝热剂燃烧过程的最高火焰温度-时间曲线
Figure 6. Maximum flame temperature-time curves of five Al-based thermites
图 7 铝热剂的压力-时间变化曲线
Figure 7. Pressure performance versus time curves of Al-based thermites
图 8 铝热剂反应过程中电压信号与光电信号随时间变化曲线
Figure 8. Curves of voltage signal and photoelectric signals versus time during the reaction of Al-based thermites
图 9 铝热剂的燃烧性能雷达图
Figure 9. Radar chart of combustion performances of different Al-based thermites
表 1 铝热剂的成分配比
Table 1. Composition ratio of different Al-based thermites
Thermites Mass fraction of Al/% Mass fraction of metal oxides/% Al-MnO2 29 71 Al-Fe2O3 25 75 Al-Bi2O3 10 90 Al-CuO 18 82 Al-MoO3 27 73 
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表 2 5种铝热剂的反应热及反应效率
Table 2. Reaction energy and efficiencies of five Al-based thermites
Thermites Reaction energy in Ar Reaction energy in O2/(kJ·g–1) Theoretical/(kJ·g–1) Measured/(kJ·g–1) Efficiency/% Al-MnO2 4.86 3.94±0.03 81.10±0.62 8.46±0.08 Al-Fe2O3 3.97 3.64±0.02 91.70±1.06 7.78±0.02 Al-Bi2O3 2.11 1.75±0.04 82.90±0.48 3.39±0.06 Al-CuO 4.13 3.51±0.02 85.00±0.51 5.91±0.06 Al-MoO3 4.70 4.10±0.05 87.20±0.47 8.09±0.07
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表 3 5种铝热剂的反应压力特性和产物金属的沸点
Table 3. Pressure characteristics and boiling points of product metals of five Al-based thermites
Thermites Peak pressure/MPa Pressure rise rate/(MPa·s–1) Product metals Boiling point of product/℃ Al-MnO2 0.21±0.04 14.0±3.0 Mn 2061 Al-Fe2O3 0.05±0.01 1.0±0.3 Fe 2750 Al-Bi2O3 0.73±0.07 2486.0 ±244.0Bi 1564 Al-CuO 0.38±0.06 141.0±21.0 Cu 2562 Al-MoO3 0.03±0.01 4.0±1.5 Mo 4639
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