爆炸冲击作用对电子雷管引火药头损伤及发火时间的影响

杨霖; 李洪伟; 梁昊; 周恩; 刘艳红; 张立果; 卢少宝

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240945

爆炸冲击作用对电子雷管引火药头损伤及发火时间的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240945

杨霖^1,,
李洪伟^{1, 2,*, ,},
梁昊^{1, 2},
周恩¹,
刘艳红³,
张立果¹,
卢少宝³

1.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001
2.
安徽省新型爆炸材料与爆破技术工程研究中心, 安徽淮南　232001
3.
无锡盛景微电子股份有限公司, 江苏无锡　214000

基金项目: 安徽高校自然科学研究项目（2022AH050838）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　霖（2001－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事电子雷管研究. E-mail：2959470747@qq.com

通讯作者:
李洪伟（1979－），男，硕士，教授，主要从事爆炸安全与控制爆破技术研究. E-mail：1227002529@qq.com

中图分类号: O521.9; TJ453
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- PDF下载量: 13
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-22
- 修回日期: 2024-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-05

Effect of Explosive Impact on Ignition Head Damage and Ignition Time of Electronic Detonator

YANG Lin^1
,,
LI Hongwei^{1, 2,*
, ,},
LIANG Hao^{1, 2},
ZHOU En¹,
LIU Yanhong³,
ZHANG Liguo¹,
LU Shaobao³

1.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
Anhui New Explosive Materials and Blasting Technology Engineering Research Center, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3.
Wuxi Shengjing Microelectronics Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究爆炸冲击作用对电子雷管引火药头损伤及发火时间的影响，制备了硫氰酸铅系引火药剂，并对其进行微观结构观测，对蘸药的引火药头样品进行发火电压测定以检验其质量。通过水下爆炸测试方法对无基础装药的雷管进行冲击，拆解冲击后的雷管，观察引火药头的损伤情况，并利用高速纹影系统对无明显损伤的引火药头进行发火试验。结果表明：无防护型、热缩型、硅胶型引火药头抗冲击的极限压力分别为98.22、117.12、156.27 MPa，3种防护型引火药头在高于极限压力时均会出现不同程度的损伤。在0.38和0.50 mm 2种管壳壁厚下，3种防护型引火药头的拒爆率均呈现随冲击强度降低而变小的趋势，其中，硅胶型引火药头的防护效果优于热缩型，无防护型引火药头的效果最差。在98.22 MPa下，无防护型引火药头因高压气体使药头碎片飞散，导致用于发火的药剂质量减少，发火剧烈程度减弱，最终导致发火时间明显缩短。热缩型引火药头在117.12 MPa下的发火时间较未冲击下增加8.30%，可能影响电子雷管的延期精度。硅胶型引火药头在156.27 MPa下的发火时间几乎不受影响。
- 电子雷管 /
- 引火药头 /
- 水下爆炸 /
- 抗冲击性能 /
- 发火时间
Abstract: In order to study the effect of explosion impact on the damage and ignition time of the ignition head of the electronic detonator, the lead thiocyanate ignition agent was prepared and its microstructure was observed, and the ignition voltage of the ignition head sample dipped in was measured to test its quality. The underwater explosion method was used to impact the sample detonator without basic charge, and the damage of the ignition head was observed by disassembling the impact detonator, and the high-speed schlieren system was used to carry out the ignition test on the ignition head without obvious damage. The results show that the ultimate pressures of the unguarded, heat-shrinkable and silica gel ignition heads were 98.22, 117.12 and 156.27 MPa, respectively. The three types of protection ignition heads were damaged to varying degrees above the ultimate pressure. Under the wall thickness of 0.38 and 0.50 mm, the explosion miss-fire rate of the three types of protective ignition head showed a trend of decreasing with the decrease of impact strength, and the protective effect of silicone type was better than heat shrinkable type, and the effect of non-protective type was the worst. Under 98.22 MPa, the high pressure gas causes the fragments of the ignition head to fly away, resulting in the reduction of the quality of the ignition head used for ignition, the reduction of the intensity of ignition, and finally the obvious shortening of the ignition time. The ignition time of the heat-shrinkable ignition head at 117.12 MPa was increased by 8.30% compared with no impact, which may affect the delay accuracy of the electronic detonator. The ignition time of the silicone ignition head at 156.27 MPa was almost unaffected.
- electronic detonator /
- ignition head /
- underwater explosion /
- impact resistance /
- ignition time

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图 1 药剂实物

Figure 1. Physical of the charge

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图 2 发火板

Figure 2. Ignition plate

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图 3 合格药头

Figure 3. Qualified charge head

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图 4 合格药头制备流程

Figure 4. Flowchart of preparation of qualified charge head

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图 5 药剂的微观形貌

Figure 5. Microscopic picture of the charge

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图 6 试验装置

Figure 6. Test device

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图 7 高速纹影测量系统布局

Figure 7. Layout of high-speed shadow measurement system

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图 8 A型药头损伤

Figure 8. Damage of type A charge heads

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图 9 薄壁管壳变形

Figure 9. Deformation of thin-walled tube shells

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图 10 B型药头损伤

Figure 10. Damage of type B charge heads

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图 11 C型药头损伤

Figure 11. Damage of type C charge head

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图 12 A、B、C型药头的拒爆率

Figure 12. Rejection probability of type A, B, C charge heads

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图 13 未冲击下A、B、C型药头的发火过程

Figure 13. Fire process of type A, B and C charge heads without impact

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图 14 冲击后A、B、C型药头的发火过程

Figure 14. Fire process of type A, B and C charge heads after impact

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表 1 发火电压升降法试验结果

Table 1. Test results of ascending and descending ignition voltage method

Voltage/V	i	n_i	$n' _i $	in_i	i²n_i	$in' _i$	$i^2 in' _i $
10.5	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
10.7	1	3	6	3	3	6	6
10.9	2	6	6	12	24	12	24
11.1	3	5	11	15	45	33	99
11.3	4	10	0	40	160	0	0

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表 2 厚壁管样品的冲击试验结果

Table 2. Impact test results of thick-walled tube samples

Impact distance/m	Overpressure/ MPa	Protection type	Number of impact test
Impact distance/m	Overpressure/ MPa	Protection type	Totality	Over- grinding	Mild grinding	Partial rupture	No obvious damage
0.03	221.89	A	10	10	0	0	0
		B	10	0	4	2	4
		C	10	0	0	4	6
0.04	156.27	A	10	0	10	0	0
		B	10	0	0	4	6
		C	10	0	0	0	10
0.05	117.12	A	10	0	4	0	6
		B	10
		C	10
0.06	98.22	A	10	0	0	0	10
		B	10
		C	10

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表 3 薄壁管样品的冲击试验结果

Table 3. Impact test results of thin-walled tube samples

Impact distance/m	Overpressure/ MPa	Protection type	Number of impact test
Impact distance/m	Overpressure/ MPa	Protection type	Totality	Compression ignition	Over- grinding	Mild grinding	Partial rupture	No obvious damage
0.03	221.89	A	10	10	0	0	0	0
		B	10	0	10	0	0	0
		C	10	0	0	10	0	0
0.04	156.27	A	10	0	10	0	0	0
		B	10	0	0	0	6	4
		C	10	0	0	0	0	10
0.05	117.12	A	10	0	0	0	8	2
		B	10
		C	10
0.06	98.22	A	10	0	0	0	0	10
		B	10
		C	10

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表 4 冲击后各药头的发火时间

Table 4. Ignition time of each charge head after impact

Test No.	Ignition time/ms
Test No.	Type A，98.22 MPa	Type B，117.12 MPa	Type C，156.27 MPa
1	143.10	225.00	146.90
2	147.40	223.40	146.20
3	145.60	225.50	148.30
4	148.30	227.20	147.50
5	140.50	221.80	146.10
Mean value	144.98	224.58	147.00
Rate of change/%	41.10	8.30	0.89

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