Damage Characteristics of Highway Simply Supported Steel Box Girder Bridges under Near-Field Explosive Loading
-
摘要: 为探究近场爆炸作用下公路简支钢箱梁桥的破坏特征，基于LS-DYNA建立了简支钢箱梁桥的有限元模型，通过钢箱梁缩尺模型爆炸实验验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性，探讨了不同爆炸荷载、不同爆炸位置下钢箱梁桥的破坏特征。研究结果表明，简支钢箱梁在近爆荷载作用下的破坏特征主要为局部破坏，包括顶板破坏、底板破坏以及隔板位移与破坏，其中受爆炸直接冲击的顶板破坏最为严重。爆炸位置对桥梁破坏的影响显著，无隔板约束位置的顶板破坏面积分别比单隔板和横、纵隔板共同约束位置增加了50%～70%。另外，纵隔板加劲肋会反射冲击波，进而导致底板裂口偏移，在500 kg当量范围内，最大裂口中心偏移量随着TNT当量的增加偏移0.5～1.5 m。因此，在实际钢箱梁桥设计中，应重视隔板和加劲肋的防护能力。Abstract: To study the damage characteristics of simply supported steel box girder bridges under near-field explosive loading, software LS-DYNA was used to establish the finite element model. Numerical validation was carried out for the steel box girder scale model, and the reliability of the numerical simulation method was verified. Damage simulation was carried out to explore the damage characteristics of the steel box girder bridge with different explosion loading cases and locations. The results show mainly local damage of simply supported steel box girder bridge under near-field explosive loading, and is mainly manifested as top plate failure, bottom plate failure and partitions deformation and failure. The top plate is the most serious failureis, which is affected by the direct impact of the explosion loading. The explosion location exerts a dominant effect on the failure of the bridge, and the failure area of the top plate at the location without diaphragm restraint is increased by 50%−70% compared with that at the location with single or both transverse and longitudinal diaphragm. Moreover, the stiffening ribs on the longitudinal diaphragm will reflect the shock wave, result in shift of the bottom plate crack. The maximum crack center shift is 0.5−1.5 m in 500 kg with the increase of TNT equivalent. Therefore, the protective effect of the diaphragm and the stiffening ribs is criticle for steel box grider bridges design.
-
图 3 实验与模拟破坏形态的对比
Figure 3. Comparison of damage patterns for experimental and simulation results
图 4 简支钢箱梁桥模型 （单位：mm）
Figure 4. Simply supported steel box girder bridge model (Unit: mm)
图 6 不同TNT 当量爆炸荷载下钢箱梁的破坏模式
Figure 6. Failure modes of steel box girder under different TNT equivalent blast loading
图 8 工况1钢箱梁桥顶板裂口过程
Figure 8. Cracking process of the top plate of steel box girder bridge for Case 1
图 10 钢箱梁的破坏形态（位置2，破坏模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）
Figure 10. Failure morphologies of steel box girder (location 2, failure modes Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ)
图 11 钢箱梁的破坏形态（位置3，破坏模式Ⅱ、Ⅲ）
Figure 11. Failure morphologies of steel box girder (location 3, failure modes Ⅱ and Ⅲ)
图 12 顶板破坏特征与TNT当量的关系
Figure 12. Relationship between failure characterization of top plate and TNT equivalent
图 13 底板最大裂口面积与TNT当量的关系
Figure 13. Relationship between the maximum crack area of bottom plate and TNT equivalent
图 14 纵隔板位移与当量关系
Figure 14. Relationship between displacement of longitudinal diaphragm and equivalent
图 15 横隔板位移与当量关系
Figure 15. Relationship between displacement of transverse diaphragm and equivalent
图 16 钢箱梁底板破坏形态（200 kg）
Figure 16. Damage morphology of bottom plate of steel box girder (200 kg)
图 17 底板最大裂口中心偏移量
Figure 17. Relationship between the maximum crack center offset of bottom plate and TNT equivalent
表 1 Q235B钢的力学性能指标和J-C模型参数
Table 1. Mechanical properties of Q235B steel and J-C model parameters
$ \rho $/(kg·m−3) E/GPa G/GPa ν A1/MPa B1/MPa n C M Tm/K Tr/K cp/(J·kg−1·K−1) 7 800 210 80.8 0.3 317 230 0.578 0.065 0.55 1795 293 469 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 $ {\dot{ \varepsilon }}_{\text{0}} $/s−1 C0/(m·s−1) S1 S2 S3 $ {\gamma}_{\text{0}} $ $ \alpha $ 0.3 0.9 2.8 0 0 2.1×10−3 4 569 1.49 0 0 2.17 0.46 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 炸药的JWL状态方程的参数
Table 2. Parameters of the JWL equation of state for explosives
$ \rho $/(kg·m−3) A2/GPa B2/GPa $ {{R}}_{\text{1}} $ $ {{R}}_{{2}} $ $ \omega $ D/(m·s−1) $ {E}_{{0}} $/(J·kg−1) pCJ/GPa 1 630 373.77 3.747 1 4.15 0.9 0.35 6 930 3.681×106 21
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 理想气体状态方程参数
Table 3. Parameters of the ideal gas equation of state
$ \rho $/(kg·m−3) $\gamma$ e/(J·kg −1) $ {{p}}_{\text{shift}} $/Pa 1.225 1.4 2.0×105 0
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 实验结果与模拟结果对比
Table 4. Comparison of experimental and simulation results
Case l d h Exp./mm Sim./mm Error/% Exp./mm Sim./mm Error/% Exp./mm Sim./mm Error/% A 102 96.0 −5.88 32 34.0 6.25 5 5.6 12.00 B 59 62.0 5.08 47 52.0 10.64 4 3.8 −5.00
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 桥梁模型尺寸
Table 5. Dimensions of the bridge model
m Heights Width of top plate Width of bottom plate Width of flange Spacing of horizontal diaphragm Spacing of flange
diaphragm2 12.74 7.07 2.166 3 1.5 Thickness of flange Thickness of diaphragm Thickness of longitudinal septum Thickness of stiffening ribs Thickness of
top plateThickness of base plate Thickness of slant web 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.02 0.02 0.016
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 钢箱梁近场爆炸典型工况
Table 6. Typical cases for near-field explosion of steel box girders
Case Explosion location TNT equivalent/kg Scaled distance/(m·kg−1/3) 1 1 100 0.215 2 1 200 0.171 3 1 500 0.149 4 2 100 0.215 5 2 200 0.171 6 2 500 0.149 7 3 100 0.215 8 3 200 0.171 9 3 500 0.149
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 钢箱梁的主要破坏参数
Table 7. Main failure parameters of steel box girder
Case Maximum
deflection of
top plate/mCrack length of
top plate/mCrack length of bottom plate/m Displacement of
transverse
diaphragm/mDisplacement of
longitudinal
diaphragm/mCrosswise Vertically Crosswise Vertically 1 0.032 0.52 1.06 0.12 0.04 2 0.047 0.93 1.24 0.12 0.14 0.23 0.04 3 0.054 1.14 1.45 0.15 0.16 0.46 0.06 4 0.016 0.05 0.03 5 0.041 0.76 1.04 0.12 0.12 0.04 0.04 6 0.056 1.18 1.36 0.13 0.13 0.06 0.06 7 0.049 0.91 1.83 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.10 8 0.057 1.15 2.07 0.16 0.17 0.28 0.24 9 0.063 1.24 2.21 0.18 0.17 0.49 0.45
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 耿少波, 刘亚玲, 薛建英. 钢箱梁缩尺模型爆炸冲击波作用下破坏实验研究 [J]. 工程力学, 2017, 34(Suppl 1): 84–88.GENG S B, LIU Y L, XUE J Y. Experimental studies on steel box girder scale model under blast load [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2017, 34(Suppl 1): 84–88. [2] 耿少波, 刘亚玲, 刘玉存, 等. 钢箱梁节段缩尺模型爆炸冲击波参数实验研究 [J]. 结构工程师, 2018, 34(6): 87–94.GENG S B, LIU Y L, LIU Y C, et al. Blast experimental parameters of steel box girder [J]. Structural Engineers, 2018, 34(6): 87–94. [3] 刘亚玲, 刘玉存, 耿少波, 等. 钢箱梁结构在爆炸冲击波作用下局部破坏影响因素实验研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(24): 229–236.LIU Y L, LIU Y C, GENG S B, et al. An experimental study on the local damage and influence factors of a steel box girder under explosive shock wave [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(24): 229–236. [4] 朱璨, 马如进, 陈艾荣. 爆炸荷载作用下缆索承重桥梁塔梁构件的破坏特征 [J]. 公路交通科技, 2016, 33(8): 92–98. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2016.08.014ZHU C, MA R J, CHEN A R. Damage characteristics of steel girder and RC pylon of cable-supported bridge suffered from blast loading [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2016, 33(8): 92–98. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2016.08.014 [5] 李豪凯, 王党雄, 赵嘉敏, 等. 爆炸荷载下钢箱梁桥动力响应机理与关键参数研究 [J]. 防灾减灾工程学报, 2023, 43(5): 1112–1121.LI H K, WANG D X, ZHAO J M, et al. Dynamic response mechanism and key parametric study of steel box girder bridge under explosion load [J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2023, 43(5): 1112–1121. [6] 朱劲松, 邢扬. 爆炸荷载作用下城市桥梁动态响应及其损伤过程分析 [J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2015, 48(6): 510–519.ZHU J S, XING Y. Dynamic response and damage process analysis of urban bridge subjected to blast load [J]. Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology), 2015, 48(6): 510–519. [7] 蒋志刚, 白志海, 严波, 等. 钢箱梁桥面板爆炸冲击响应数值模拟研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2012, 31(5): 77–81.JIANG Z G, BAI Z H, YAN B, et al. Numerical simulation for response of a steel box girder deck to blast loading [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(5): 77–81. [8] 姚术健, 蒋志刚, 卢芳云, 等. 汽车炸弹钢箱梁内部爆炸局部破坏效应分析 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2015, 34(7): 222–227.YAO S J, JIANG Z G, LU F Y, et al. Analysis on local damage of steel box girder under internal blast loading of vehicle bomb [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2015, 34(7): 222–227. [9] HAO H, TANG E K C. Numerical simulation of a cable-stayed bridge response to blast loads, part Ⅱ: damage prediction and FRP strengthening [J]. Engineering Structures, 2010, 32(10): 3193–3205. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.06.006 [10] 李源, 侯炜, 贺拴海. 近爆荷载作用下的桥梁受力及破坏特征分析 [J]. 公路, 2020, 65(9): 73–77.LI Y, HOU W, HE S H. Analysis of stress and damage characteristics for concrete bridge under close blast loading [J]. Highway, 2020, 65(9): 73–77. [11] 马亮亮, 吴昊. 爆炸作用下预应力RC梁桥的损伤评估 [J/OL]. 工程力学 (2023-10-07)[2024-11-11]. https://engineering-mechanics.cn/cn/article/doi/10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2023.05.0378.MA L L, WU H. Damage assessment of prestressed RC girder bridge under explosion [J/OL]. Engineering Mechanics (2023-10-07)[2024-11-11]. https://engineeringmechanics.cn/cn/article/doi/10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2023.05.0378. [12] 崔雨晨, 易华辉, 黄金香, 等. 爆炸冲击作用下不同材料箱型梁桥损伤分析 [J]. 火箭军工程大学学报, 2024, 38(1): 24–33.CUI Y C, YI H H, HUANG J X, et al. Damage analysis of box girder bridge with different materials under explosion impact [J]. Journal of Rocket Force University of Engineering, 2024, 38(1): 24–33. [13] 孙启鑫, 刘超. 预应力混凝土箱梁爆炸荷载模型实验及有限元分析 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(14): 37–46.SUN Q X, LIU C. Experimental and finite element analysis of the explosion load model for prestressed concrete box girders [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(14): 37–46. [14] 闫秋实, 吕辰旭. VBIED爆炸场景下连续箱梁桥损伤破坏数值模拟研究 [J]. 防护工程, 2023, 45(5): 22–27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1854.2023.05.004YAN Q S, LYU C X. Numerical simulation study of damage and failure in continuous box girder bridges under VBIED explosion scenarios [J]. Protective Engineering, 2023, 45(5): 22–27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1854.2023.05.004 [15] 朱新明. 钢箱梁爆炸冲击局部破坏数值模拟研究 [D]. 长沙: 国防科学技术大学, 2011.ZHU X M. Numerical simulation investigation of local failure of steel box girders under blast loading [D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2011. -
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 134
- HTML全文浏览量: 57
- PDF下载量: 24
