Dynamic Response of Prefabricated Wall Panels for a Whole-Indoor Substation under Blast Loading Based on Finite Element Simulation
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摘要: 蜂窝芯层具有轻质、比刚度高、比强度高和比吸能高等优点。将纤维混凝土板、蜂窝芯层、铝合金板组合设计一种新型变电站装配式墙板结构，对其进行爆炸冲击实验，研究不同炸药药量、蜂窝孔径下结构的动力学响应。基于实验建立相应的有限元模型，数值模拟结果与实验吻合较好。通过改变炸药量和蜂窝芯层配置，详细分析了结构变形失效演化过程、后面板中点挠度、能量分配特性。结果表明：结构主要呈现前面板凹陷、后面板凸起的变形模式；纤维水泥前面板边界处发生了剪切破坏，同时蜂窝芯层被压缩，导致整体变形，随后前面板与蜂窝芯层分离，后面板中心处以及对角线处出现裂纹，并且随着结构继续响应，裂纹不断扩展，芯层压缩量也同时增加。减小蜂窝芯层孔径能够有效降低后面板的挠度。装药距离为300 mm，药量为300、500和700 g时，小孔径蜂窝结构后面板中点的挠度相较于大孔径蜂窝结构分别降低了18.5%、17.1%和18.1%，小孔径蜂窝结构的吸能比大孔径蜂窝结构分别增大了7.8%、6.7%和2.2%，小孔径蜂窝结构具有较好的抗冲击性能。爆炸载荷下，纤维混凝土前面板的吸收能量最大，占50%以上；蜂窝芯层的能量吸收次之，占比为45%左右；纤维混凝土后面板的吸能较少，在5%以内。Abstract: The honeycomb core layer is light and has the advantage of high specific stiffness, specific strength and specific energy absorption. A novel prefabricated wall panel structure for substations was designed by combining fiber-reinforced concrete panels, honeycomb core layers, and aluminum alloy panels. The dynamic response of the structure under the blast load was investigated, as well as the effect of the explosive mass and the size of the honeycomb core. In this paper, a finite element model was established and compared with the experimental results, which was found to be in good agreement with each other, thus validating the model. On this basis, the effects of explosive mass and honeycomb core layer on the structural deformation failure mode, midpoint deflection of back panel and energy absorption were investigated. It is shown that the deformation pattern of the structure is mainly concave at the front and convex at the back, and the honeycomb core layer is compressed, resulting in the whole deformation. Then the fiber cement of the front panel is separated with the honeycomb core layer, and the fiber-reinforced concrete panels of the back panel have failure at the center and diagonal, and the crack expandes, and the compression of the core layer increases. It was found that for the same amount of explosion, the center deflection of the back panel of the honeycomb structure with small size was reduced by 18.5%, 17.1%, and 18.1% compared to the honeycomb structure with large size. Meanwhile, the energy absorption of the honeycomb structure with small size was increased by 7.8%, 6.7%, and 2.2% respectively compared with that of the honeycomb structure with large size. Thus, the honeycomb structure with small size has better impact resistance. Under blast load, the fiber-reinforced concrete panels on the front panel absorbs the most energy, accounting for more than 50%, followed by the honeycomb core layer, accounting for about 45%, and the back panel fiber-reinforced concrete panels absorbs less energy, and the energy absorption is within 5%.
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图 3 S1038结构的数值模拟与实验结果对比
Figure 3. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental results of S1038 structure
图 7 S520蜂窝芯层结构后面板的裂纹扩展情况
Figure 7. Crack propagation in the back panel of S520 honeycomb core structure
图 8 S1038蜂窝芯层结构后面板的裂纹扩展情况
Figure 8. Crack propagation in the back panel of S1038 honeycomb core structure
图 9 相同爆炸距离、不同炸药药量下S1038蜂窝芯层结构的数值模拟结果
Figure 9. Numerical simulation results of S1038 honeycomb core structure at the same blast distance with different explosives charges
图 10 相同爆炸距离、不同炸药药量下S520蜂窝芯层结构的数值模拟结果
Figure 10. Numerical simulation results of S520 honeycomb core structure at the same blast distance with different explosives charges
图 11 蜂窝芯层结构后面板中点的最大挠度
Figure 11. Maximum deflection at the center point of the back panel of honeycomb core structure
图 13 S520结构和S1038结构在不同炸药药量下各部分的能量吸收占比
Figure 13. Percentage of energy absorbed by each part of S520 structure and S1038 structure at different explosive charge
图 14 不同芯层厚度S520蜂窝芯层结构的能量吸收占比
Figure 14. Energy absorption ratio of S520 honeycomb core structure with different core thicknesses
图 15 不同芯层厚度S1038蜂窝芯层结构的能量吸收占比
Figure 15. Energy absorption ratio of S1038 honeycomb core structure with different core thicknesses
表 1 铝合金的材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of aluminum alloy
$ \mathrm{\rho } $/(kg·m−3) E/GPa $ \mu $ $ {\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{y}} $/MPa 2900 65.67 0.30 255 
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表 2 纤维混凝土的材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of fiber concrete
$ \rho $/(kg·m−3) G/MPa $ \mathrm{\mathit{F}}_{\mathrm{c}} $/MPa A B C $ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $ 2.500 0.1343 3.000×10−4 0.20 1.85 0.006 0.004 N $ {S}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $ T/MPa $ {p}_{\mathrm{c}} $/MPa $ {\mu }_{\mathrm{c}} $ $ {p}_{\mathrm{L}} $/MPa $ {\dot \varepsilon _0}/{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}} $ 0.610 15.00 2.500×10−5 7.000×10−5 0.005 0.0121 1 $ {\mu }_{\mathrm{L}} $ $ {K}_{1} $/GPa $ {K}_{2} $/GPa $ {K}_{3} $/GPa $ {D}_{1} $ $ {D}_{2} $ $ {f}_{\mathrm{s}} $ 0.1200 8.500×10−7 −1.71×10−6 2.08×10−6 0.040 0.500 0.80
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表 3 蜂窝芯层的材料参数
Table 3. Material parameters of honeycomb core
$ \rho $/(kg·m−3) E/MPa $ \mu $ 450 89.5 0
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