Coupling Inhibition Effects of Dry Water Modified by Potassium Carbonate and Hexafluoropropane on Methane Explosion
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摘要: 爆炸抑制技术是减轻瓦斯爆炸事故灾后影响的重要手段。为探究两相复合抑爆剂的抑制效果，选取碳酸钾改性干水粉体和六氟丙烷（C3H2F6）气体为抑爆介质，通过试验研究了二者复配影响下甲烷爆炸压力和时间参数的变化规律，并对其协同抑爆机理开展了理论分析。试验结果表明，在富燃工况下，甲烷爆炸的快速燃爆时间和持续燃烧时间随着碳酸钾改性干水和C3H2F6配比的增加而增加，碳酸钾改性干水大幅提升了C3H2F6的抑制效果。贫燃、化学当量比和富燃工况下，气-固两相抑制剂的临界抑爆配比分别为5%-6 g、3%-6 g、1%-4 g。理论分析结果显示：复配抑爆剂对甲烷爆炸的物理抑制作用表现为稀释可燃物浓度、降低反应体系温度和稀释氧浓度；化学抑制作用方面，碳酸钾和C3H2F6热解产生的KCO3、KOH、OH和含氟基团降低了甲烷爆炸链式反应产生的关键自由基浓度。研究结果可为清洁抑爆材料及相应抑爆技术的研发提供理论依据。Abstract: Explosion suppression technology plays a vital role in reducing the hazardous effect of gas explosion incidents. This study aimed to investigate the explosion suppression effect of two-phase composite inhibitor mixtures of hexafluoropropane and dry water modified by potassium carbonate. The explosion pressure and time parameters of methane-air mixtures were obtained experimentally. Then the synergistic mechanisms on methane explosion suppression was analyzed theoretically. Results of the experiments shows that the combustion time of methane-air mixtures increase with the rising ratio of dry water modified by potassium carbonate in the coupled inhibitors. Dry water modified by potassium carbonate greatly enhanced the explosion suppression effect of C3H2F6. The critical inhibition ratios of gas-solid inhibitors are 5%-6 g, 3%-6 g, and 1%-4 g for fuel-lean, stoichiometric, and fuel-rich methane-air mixtures, respectively. Moreover, the physical inhibition effects of the dilution in the premixed mixtures and the reduction in the flame temperature, as well as the chemical suppression effect, synergistically inhibit the deflagration of methane-air mixtures. In terms of the chemical inhibition, it is KCO3, KOH, OH and fluorine-containing groups that produced by the pyrolysis of potassium carbonate and C3H2F6 reduce the concentration of key radicals of methane explosion. The results of the work will help to providing the theoretical basis for the development of more effective explosion-suppressant and promoting the related explosion-suppressing technology.
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图 1 20 L球形爆炸试验系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the 20 L spherical explosion test system
图 3 甲烷/空气预混气体在3种化学计量比下爆燃的压力-时间演化曲线
Figure 3. Pressure-time evolution curves of methane/air premixed gas deflagration at three equivalence ratios
图 4 复配抑爆剂抑制甲烷的最大爆炸压力
Figure 4. Maximum pressure of methane inhibited by composite suppressants
图 5 复配抑爆剂抑制甲烷的最大爆炸压力上升速率
Figure 5. Maximum pressure rising rate of methane inhibited by composite suppressants
图 6 复配抑爆剂对甲烷爆炸压力峰值时间的抑制规律
Figure 6. Peak pressure time of methane inhibited by composite suppressants
图 7 复配抑爆剂对甲烷爆炸升压速率峰值时间的抑制规律
Figure 7. Peak pressure rising rate time of methane inhibited by composite suppressants
图 8 碳酸钾改性干水-C3H2F6对甲烷爆炸的作用示意图
Figure 8. Explosion inhibition mechanism of the dry water modified by potassium carbonate-C3H2F6 mixtures
表 1 试验工况
Table 1. Test conditions
Compounding ratios $\varphi_{{\rm{C}_3} {{\rm{H}_2}}{{\rm{F}_6}}} $/% m/g Compounding ratios $\varphi_{{\rm{C}_3} {{\rm{H}_2}}{{\rm{F}_6}}} $/% m/g 1%-2 g 1 2 5%-2 g 5 2 1%-4 g 1 4 5%-4 g 5 4 1%-6 g 1 6 5%-6 g 5 6 3%-2 g 3 2 7%-2 g 7 2 3%-4 g 3 4 7%-4 g 7 4 3%-6 g 3 6 7%-6 g 7 6 
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表 2 复配抑爆工况及抑爆结果
Table 2. Coupling inhibition conditions and the corresponding test results
Compounding ratio Test results ϕ=0.8 ϕ=1.0 ϕ=1.2 1%-2 g Exploded Exploded Exploded 1%-4 g Exploded Exploded Exploded 1%-6 g Exploded Exploded Unexploded 3%-2 g Exploded Exploded Unexploded 3%-4 g Exploded Exploded Unexploded 3%-6 g Exploded Exploded Unexploded 5%-2 g Exploded Unexploded Unexploded 5%-4 g Exploded Unexploded Unexploded 5%-6 g Exploded Unexploded Unexploded 7%-2 g Unexploded Unexploded Unexploded
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表 3 抑制甲烷爆炸的临界配比
Table 3. Critical compounding ratios for methane explosion suppression
ϕ $\varphi_{{\rm{C}_3} {{\rm{H}_2}}{{\rm{F}_6}}} $/% Critical compounding ratio 0.8 10 5%-6 g 1.0 7 3%-6 g 1.2 4 1%-4 g
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Reactions Indexing factor Ea/(J·mol−1) KCO3+H=KOH+CO2 3×1012 70 040.2 KCO3+O=KO2+CO2 5×1012 52 509.2 KHCO3+KO=K2CO3+OH 6×1012 122 549.4 KHCO3+KOH=K2CO3+H2O 3×1012 157 569.4 KCO3+KO=K2CO3+O 7×1012 87 529.3 KCO3+KO2=K2CO3+O2 1×1013 52 509.2 K2CO3+M=K2O+CO2+M 5×1016 1 417 957.6 K2CO3+OH=KCO3+KOH 3×1014 192 547.7 K2CO3+O=K2O2+CO2 3×1014 192 547.7
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