无机盐对硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能的影响

李炎; 崔晓荣; 李瑞; 汪泉; 胡明航; 孙瑞; 陈雅静

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240914

无机盐对硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240914

李炎^1,,
崔晓荣^{1, 2},
李瑞^{1, 2,*, ,},
汪泉¹,
胡明航¹,
孙瑞¹,
陈雅静¹

1.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001
2.
宏大民爆集团有限公司, 广东广州　510623

基金项目: 安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目（2023AH051221）；安徽省自然科学基金（2208085QA26）；安徽理工大学博士引进人才基金项目

详细信息

作者简介:
李　炎（2000－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事工业炸药爆炸性能研究. E-mail：1600875637@qq.com

通讯作者:
李　瑞（1987－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事含能材料点火、起爆技术及高效毁伤与终点效应研究. E-mail： lirui_89@126.com

中图分类号: O389; TJ55; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-17
- 修回日期: 2024-11-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-05

Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Dissolution Temperature of Ammonium Nitrate and the Explosive Performance of Expanded Ammonium Nitrate Explosives

LI Yan^1
,,
CUI Xiaorong^{1, 2},
LI Rui^{1, 2,*
, ,},
WANG Quan¹,
HU Minghang¹,
SUN Rui¹,
CHEN Yajing¹

1.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
Hongda Civil Explosives Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 为了探究无机盐对硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能的影响，分别添加不同质量分数（2%、4%和6%）的NaCl、KCl、NaNO₃和KNO₃4种无机盐取代膨化硝铵炸药中的硝酸铵，测得了硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能（爆速、猛度、做功能力）的影响。结果表明：添加无机盐质量分数为2%时，改良炸药较传统膨化硝铵配方炸药的溶解温度降低了8～12 ℃；添加NaNO₃和KNO₃的膨化硝铵炸药较传统配方炸药的爆速提高了120～150 m/s，添加NaCl和KCl的膨化硝铵炸药降低了150～850 m/s；添加NaNO₃和KNO₃的膨化硝铵炸药铅柱压缩量较传统配方增大了0.62～1.90 mm，添加NaCl和KCl的铅柱压缩量降低了0.06～2.55 mm；添加NaNO₃和KCl的炸药超压峰值提高了0.02～0.78 kPa，添加NaCl和KNO₃的炸药超压峰值降低了5.02～19.57 kPa。无机盐的质量分数每提高2%，溶解温度降低7～10℃，爆速降低100～300 m/s，铅柱压缩量缩小0.08～0.73 mm，超压峰值降低1.77～13.50 kPa。实际操作中，可以在膨化硝铵炸药中添加少量NaNO₃，这样既有利于降低硝酸铵的溶解温度，同时有利于提高炸药的爆炸性能。
- 膨化硝铵炸药 /
- 无机盐 /
- 工业生产 /
- 溶解温度 /
- 爆炸性能
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of inorganic salts on the dissolution temperature of ammonium nitrate and the explosive performance of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, the inorganic salts of 2%, 4% and 6% of NaCl, KCl, NaNO₃ and KNO₃ respectively were used to replace the ammonium nitrate content in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, and the explosion performance (including the detonation velocity, the fierceness, and the work ability were measured). The results show that when the mass fraction of inorganic salt is 2%, the dissolution temperature is 8 to 12 ℃ lower than that of the traditional puffed ammonium nitrate formula explosives; the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives with NaNO₃ and KNO₃ is 120−150 m/s higher than the traditional formula, and NaCl and KCl are reduced by 150−850 m/s; lead column compression of NaNO₃ and KNO₃ increased by 0.62−1.90 mm, and NaCl and KCl decreased by 0.06−2.55 mm; the peak overpressure of NaNO₃ and KCl increased by 0.02−0.78 kPa, and NaCl and KNO₃ inorganic salts decreased by 5.02−19.57 kPa. For every 2% increase in the mass fraction of inorganic salt substitution, the dissolution temperature decreases by 7 to 10 ℃; the detonation velocity decreases by 100 to 300 m/s; lead column compression decreases by 0.08 to 0.73 mm; and the peak overpressure decrease by 1.77 to 13.5 kPa. In practice, a small quantity of NaNO₃ can be added to the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, which is not only conducive to reducing the dissolution temperature of ammonium nitrate, but also enhances the explosive performance of explosives.
- expanded ammonium nitrate explosive /
- inorganic salt /
- industrial production /
- dissolution temperature /
- explosive performance

HTML全文

图 1 改性膨化硝铵炸药的制备流程

Figure 1. Preparation process of modified expanded ammonium nitrate explosive

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图 2 各配比炸药爆炸后铅柱的压缩情况

Figure 2. Compression of lead columns after explosion of each ratio of explosives

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图 3 各配方炸药作用下铅柱的压缩量

Figure 3. Compression of lead columns of each formula

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图 4 添加不同质量分数无机盐炸药的超压对比

Figure 4. Comparison of overpressure of inorganic salt explosives with different mass fractions

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表 1 不同质量分数、不同无机盐改性膨化硝铵炸药的氧平衡

Table 1. Oxygen balance of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive modified by inorganic salt composition with different mass fractions

Composition	OB/(g·g⁻¹)
Composition	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%
NaNO₃	−0.0030	0.0024	−0.0030
KNO₃	−0.0045	−0.0006	−0.0045
KCl	−0.0124	−0.0164	−0.0124
NaCl	−0.0124	−0.0164	−0.0124

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表 2 不同质量分数、不同无机盐改性膨化硝铵炸药的爆热

Table 2. Detonation heat of inorganic salt-modified expanded ammonium nitrate explosives with different mass fractions and components

Composition	Detonation heat/（kJ·mol⁻¹）
Composition	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%
NaNO₃	3696.86	3564.76	3375.36
KNO₃	3728.61	3562.03	3371.26
KCl	3688.90	3586.73	3484.56
NaCl	3688.90	3586.73	3484.56

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表 3 不同质量分数、不同无机盐改性膨化硝铵炸药完全溶解时的温度

Table 3. Temperature when inorganic salt modified expanded ammonium nitrate explosives with different mass fractions and components are completely dissolved

Composition	Temperature/℃
Composition	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%
NaNO₃	112	105	95
KNO₃	110	100	90
KCl	110	102	92
NaCl	108	101	95

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表 4 不同配比改性膨化硝铵炸药的爆速

Table 4. Detonation velocity for each ratio of explosives

Composition	Detonation velocity/(m·s⁻¹)			Error of detonation velocity/(m·s⁻¹)
Composition	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%
NaNO₃	2983.29	2666.67	2364.18	45.36	56.38	49.65
KNO₃	2981.52	2665.44	2393.90	60.49	62.68	52.89
KCl	2708.51	2468.60	2156.15	43.59	75.81	38.54
NaCl	1999.20	1786.99	1667.33	61.56	52.56	54.87

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表 5 各配比膨化硝铵炸药的超压峰值

Table 5. Overpressure peak of each ratio of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives

Composition	Overpressure peak/kPa			Error of overpressure peak/kPa
Composition	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%
NaNO₃	70.19	65.44	51.91	0.76	0.85	0.72
KNO₃	66.15	62.13	57.17	1.02	0.68	0.81
KCl	70.95	57.22	55.11	0.83	1.16	0.89
NaCl	51.70	49.43	37.67	0.68	0.77	0.68

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表 6 各配比膨化硝铵炸药的最大冲量

Table 6. Maximum impulse of each ratio of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives

Composition	Maximum impulse/(Pa·s)			Error of maximum impulse/(Pa·s)
Composition	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%	ω=2%	ω=4%	ω=6%
NaNO₃	13.08	12.19	11.35	0.33	0.13	0.12
KNO₃	12.95	11.29	10.86	0.08	0.29	0.09
KCl	11.88	11.26	10.86	0.19	0.16	0.14
NaCl	10.70	9.86	8.85	0.09	0.09	0.18

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