Dynamic Response Experiment of Prefabricated Wall Panels for a Whole-Indoor Substation under Blast Loading
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摘要: 利用纤维水泥板、蜂窝铝板和铝合金板组合设计了一种新型的变电站装配式墙板结构，通过实验研究了该结构在爆炸载荷下的动力响应特性。考察了不同炸药量、不同装药距离时的超压载荷特征，分析了蜂窝孔径等参数对结构变形失效模式、背爆面挠度及应变、芯层压缩量、纤维水泥板裂纹分布的影响。结果表明：在有限空间内，爆炸超压的时间特征与在无限空间中类似，中心独立测量的超压峰值和正压持续时间分别为边缘直接测量的2.4～10.0倍和0.44～0.71倍；结构主要呈现前面板凹陷、后面板凸起的变形模式；迎爆面纤维水泥板水平裂纹多分布于长边边界处，背爆面裂纹多分布于中心和对角线附近；与较小孔径的蜂窝结构相比，具有较大孔径的蜂窝结构的背爆面残余挠度较大，纤维水泥板裂纹总长度较长。因此，小孔径蜂窝板具有较好的抗冲击性能。Abstract: A novel prefabricated wall panel structure for substations was developed by integrating fiber cement board, aluminum honeycomb plate, and aluminum alloy plate. The dynamic response characteristics of the structure under explosive loads were investigated through experimental studies. The effects of overpressure loads at different explosive mass and loading distances were examined, and the impact of varying honeycomb cell sizes on structural deformation failure mode, back face deflection and strain, core compression, and fiber cement board crack distribution was analyzed. The results indicate that within a confined space, the time characteristics of explosion overpressure are similar to those in an unconfined space. The peak overpressure measured independently at the center is between 2.4 and 10.0 times that measured directly at the edge. The positive pressure duration measured independently at the center is between 0.44 and 0.71 times that measured directly at the edge. The predominant deformation mode of the structure involves front panel depression and rear panel bulging. Horizontal cracks in the front face of the fiber cement board are predominantly located near its long side boundary, while cracks in the back face are mainly distributed near its center and diagonal areas. Compared with structures featuring smaller honeycomb cell sizes, those with larger honeycomb cell sizes exhibit greater residual deflection on their back faces and longer total crack lengths in their fiber cement boards.
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图 3 不同孔径铝蜂窝的准静态压缩应力-应变关系
Figure 3. Quasi-static compressive stress-strain relationships of aluminum honeycomb with different pore sizes
图 4 装药量300 g、装药距离300 mm时的超压时程曲线
Figure 4. Overpressure time history curve when the explosive mass is 300 g and the stand off distance is 300 mm
图 5 工况2结构背爆面的挠度时程云图
Figure 5. Deflection-time histories of the structural back face for Case 2
图 6 工况6结构背爆面特征点的挠度时程曲线
Figure 6. Deflection-time history curve of the characteristic point of the structural back face for Case 6
图 7 背爆面水平方向的拉格朗日应变时程云图
Figure 7. Lagrange strain time cloud diagram in the horizontal direction of the structural back face
图 8 结构背爆面特征区域平均主应变时程曲线
Figure 8. Average principal strain time history curve of the reference zone on the structural back face
图 9 工况2夹芯墙板的典型变形模式及残余挠度分布
Figure 9. Typical deformation mode and residual deflection distribution of sandwich wall panel for Case 2
图 10 不同试件前后面板最大残余挠度对比
Figure 10. Comparison of the maximum residual deflection of the front and back face sheets of different specimens
图 11 工况2和工况5中结构前后纤维水泥板的裂纹分布
Figure 11. Crack distribution of the front and back fiber cement board for Case 2 and Case 5
图 12 装药距离为300 mm时不同装药量前后纤维水泥板裂纹总长度对比
Figure 12. Comparison of crack length on front and back fiber cement board for two kinds of sandwich panels with the stand off distance of 300 mm and different explosive mass
图 13 装药量为700 g时不同装药距离前后纤维水泥板裂纹总长度对比
Figure 13. Comparison of crack length on front and back fiber cement board for two kinds of sandwich panels with the explosive mass of 700 g and different stand off distance
表 1 实验工况
Table 1. Experimental conditions
Case D/mm m/g d/mm Case D/mm m/g d/mm 1 5.20 300 300 7 5.20 700 500 2 5.20 500 300 8 5.20 500 500 3 5.20 700 300 9 5.20 1000 500 4 10.38 300 300 10 10.38 700 500 5 10.38 500 300 11 10.38 1000 500 6 10.38 700 300 
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表 2 超压特征参数
Table 2. Parameters of overpressure
m/g mTNT/g $ {p}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}^{\mathrm{T}} $/MPa d/mm $ {{{\overline{p}_{\mathrm{max}}^{\rm{ZD}}}}} $/MPa $ {{{\overline{p}_{\mathrm{max}}^{\rm{BZ}}}}} $/MPa $\Delta \overline{t}^{\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{D}} $/μs $\Delta \overline{t}^{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{Z}} $/μs $ {\rho }_{p} $ $ {\rho }_{t} $ 300 60–90 10.603–15.121 300 10.348 1.033 153 350 10.0 0.44 500 100–150 16.534–23.034 300 18.655 2.424 216 320 7.7 0.68 700 140–210 21.800–29.878 300 22.549 3.963 223 313 5.7 0.71 500 100–150 4.059–5.998 500 4.769 2.045 192 388 2.3 0.49 700 140–210 5.617–8.221 500 8.490 3.593 184 350 2.4 0.53 1 000 200–300 7.858–11.357 500 11.413 200
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