DNAN基熔铸炸药的动态力学行为及点火特性

赵东; 屈可朋; 胡雪垚; 何娜; 王奕鑫; 肖玮

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240936

DNAN基熔铸炸药的动态力学行为及点火特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240936

赵东^1,,
屈可朋^1,*, ,,
胡雪垚¹,
何娜²,
王奕鑫¹,
肖玮¹

1.
西安近代化学研究所, 陕西西安　710065
2.
西安北方惠安化学工业有限公司, 陕西西安　710302

基金项目: 国防重大基础研究专项

详细信息

作者简介:
赵　东（2001－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事弹药动态力学响应及安全性研究. E-mail：1303214649@qq.com

通讯作者:
屈可朋（1983－），男，研究员，主要从事弹药动态力学响应及安全性研究. E-mail：155301498@qq.com

中图分类号: O347.3; TJ55; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-08
- 修回日期: 2024-12-16
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-01

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Ignition Characteristics of DNAN-Based Melt-Cast Explosives

ZHAO Dong^1
,,
QU Kepeng^{1,*
, ,},
HU Xueyao¹,
HE Na²,
WANG Yixin¹,
XIAO Wei¹

1.
Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China
2.
Xi’an North Hui An Chemical Industries Co. Ltd., Xi’an 710302, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究某2，4-二硝基苯甲醚（2，4-dinitroanisole，DNAN）基熔铸炸药的动态力学行为和点火特性，基于万能材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar，SHPB）分别开展准静态/动态压缩试验和被动围压试验，并开展落锤冲击点火试验，结合扫描电镜和工业计算机断层扫描观察加载前、后试样的形貌特征，获得了不同加载条件下DNAN基熔铸炸药的应力-应变曲线、点火阈值和损伤特征，揭示了炸药在不同条件下的动态力学行为、点火特性和损伤机制。结果表明：DNAN基熔铸炸药的动态力学行为具有应变率相关性，相较于典型压装炸药，脆性特征更明显，在单轴压缩状态下强度更低，多轴压缩状态下峰值应力接近；孔洞为该炸药的主要初始损伤形式，压缩加载下孔洞被填充压实，主要损伤机制为穿晶断裂、界面脱粘，压剪耦合加载下装药内发生剪切流动，颗粒重新排布，随着加载强度的增大，主要损伤机制由沿晶断裂转向穿晶断裂；落锤冲击点火试验中DNAN基熔铸炸药对压缩加载更敏感，压缩和压剪加载下的最大未反应落高和峰值应力分别为500 mm、556 MPa和600 mm、622 MPa，主要点火机制可能是由孔洞损伤受压缩引起的气泡绝热压缩或孔洞冲击塌缩生热。
- DNAN基熔铸炸药 /
- 力学行为 /
- 冲击加载 /
- 点火特性 /
- 损伤机制
Abstract: In order to study the dynamic mechanical behavior and ignition characteristics of a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive, quasi-static and dynamic compression tests, as well as passive confining pressure tests were carried out using a universal material testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Impact ignition test was carried out using a drop hammer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and industrial computed tomography (CT) were used to examine the morphology changes in the samples before and after loading. The stress-strain curves, ignition thresholds and damage characteristics of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive under different loading conditions were obtained. The dynamic mechanical behavior, ignition characteristics and damage mechanism of the explosive under different loading conditions were obtained. The results show that the dynamic mechanical behavior of the DNAN-based melt-cast explosive exhibits a strain-rate dependence, demonstrating more pronounced brittleness compared to typical press-loaded explosives, lower strength under uniaxial compression, and peak stresses comparable to those observed in multi-axial compression. The holes are the main initial damage form of the explosive. The holes are filled and compacted under compressive loading. The main damage mechanisms are transgranular fracture and interfacial debonding. Under coupled compress-shear loading, shear flow occurs in the charge and the particles are rearranged. With the increase of loading strength, the main damage mechanism changes from intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture. In the drop-weight impact ignition test, DNAN-based melt-cast explosives are more sensitive to compression loading. The maximum unreacted drop heights and peak stresses under compress and compress-shear loading are 500 mm, 556 MPa and 600 mm, 622 MPa, respectively. The primary ignition mechanism is likely attributable to either the adiabatic compression of bubbles or the thermal energy generated by the impact collapse of voids resulting from compressive damage.
- 2, 4-dinitroanisole-based melt-cast explosive /
- mechanical behavior /
- impact loading /
- ignition characteristics /
- damage mechanism.

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图 1 用于不同试验的样品尺寸

Figure 1. Sample sizes for different tests

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图 2 被动围压加载装置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of passive confinement test device

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图 3 试验样弹示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the sample bomb

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图 4 落锤加载试验中的样弹

Figure 4. Sample bomb of the drop-weight loading test

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图 5 单轴压缩试验的典型原始曲线

Figure 5. Typical original curves of the uniaxial compression test

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图 6 单轴压缩加载下样品的应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of samples under uniaxial compression

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图 7 被动围压加载下的轴向应力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Axial stress-strain curves under passively confined compression

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图 8 DNAN基熔铸炸药的CT图像

Figure 8. CT images of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives

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图 9 未加载时DNAN基熔铸炸药断面的SEM图像

Figure 9. SEM image of unloaded state DNAN-based melt-cast explosive section

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图 10 不同应变率压缩加载后DNAN基熔铸炸药断面SEM图像

Figure 10. SEM images of the DNAN-based melt-cast explosive section after compression loading at different strain rates

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图 11 压剪耦合加载后DNAN基熔铸炸药断面SEM图像

Figure 11. SEM images of the DNAN-based melt-cast explosive section after compress-shear coupled loading

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表 1 不同应变率单轴压缩加载下的力学参量

Table 1. Mechanical parameters under different strain rates of uniaxial compression loading

Explosives	Strain rate/s⁻¹	E/GPa	σ_m/MPa	Strain at σ_m/%
DNAN-based melt-cast explosive	0.01	0.37	5.64	1.50
	1300	2.12	18.12	1.32
	1700	2.62	22.71	1.19
	2000	3.77	28.26	1.12
Typical pressed explosive	0.01	0.38	9.72	2.88
	1000	2.94	47.89	4.95
	1400	4.41	48.71	2.88
	1800	8.02	47.76	2.71
	2300	11.36	49.95	1.18

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表 2 被动围压状态不同应变率下的力学参量

Table 2. Mechanical parameters under different strain rates of passive confinement loading

Explosives	Strain rate/s⁻¹	σ_m/MPa	Strain at σ_m/%
DNAN-based melt-cast explosive	459	54.46	1.76
	660	82.88	2.40
	1010	92.38	2.93
Typical pressed explosive	472	51.05	2.24
	744	78.46	3.10
	1115	92.28	3.98

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表 3 落锤冲击加载试验结果

Table 3. Test results of the drop-weight impact loading

Explosives	Impact mode	H/mm	σ_m/MPa	Result
DNAN-based melt-cast explosive	Compress	500	556	No-ignition
		600	537^*	Ignition
		800	509^*	Ignition
	Compress-shear	400	487	No-ignition
		600	622	No-ignition
		800	546^*	Ignition
Typical pressed explosive	Compress	600	668	No-ignition
		800	715	No-ignition
		1000	771	No-ignition
		1200	460^*	Ignition
		1500	411^*	Ignition
	Compress-shear	800	726	No-ignition
	Compress-shear	1000	668^*	Ignition
Note: The superscript “*” indicates the stress at which the explosive begins to ignition at this height.

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