起爆方式对非圆截面装药结构释能特性的影响

张广华; 沈飞; 刘睿; 王辉

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210894

起爆方式对非圆截面装药结构释能特性的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210894

张广华^1,,
沈飞¹,
刘睿²,
王辉^1,*, ,

1.
西安近代化学研究所，陕西西安　710065
2.
北京理工大学机电学院，北京　100081

基金项目: 国防重大科研基础专项（20190502）

详细信息

作者简介:
张广华（1987－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事爆炸作用与毁伤技术研究.E-mail：guanghua0611@sina.com

通讯作者:
王　辉（1977－），男，硕士，研究员，主要从事炸药爆轰性能试验及理论研究.E-mail：land_wind@163.com

中图分类号: O381; TJ414
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-26
- 修回日期: 2021-11-04
- 录用日期: 2021-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-30

Influence of Detonation Modes on Energy Release Characteristics of a Charge with a Non-Circular Cross-Sectional Structure

ZHANG Guanghua^1
,,
SHEN Fei¹,
LIU Rui²,
WANG Hui^{1,*
, ,}

1.
Xiʼan Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xiʼan 710065, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Mechatronical Engineeing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究不同起爆方式下非圆截面装药结构的释能规律，采用AUTODYN软件开展了非圆截面装药结构在不同起爆方式下的释能特性数值模拟，分析了起爆方式对爆轰波形演变、破片质量、破片初速的影响。结果表明：由于装药结构的特殊性，采用端部单点起爆时装药能量分布不均匀，部分区域产生大量的无效小质量破片，且不同位置处的破片初速波动较大；采用端部两点和端部三点起爆时，能够对爆轰能量起到匀化效果，减少无效破片数量，提升破片初速的一致性。由此证明通过调整起爆方式可以对非圆截面装药结构的能量输出结构进行有效调控，对其周向能量场起到匀化效果。
- 起爆方式 /
- 非圆截面装药 /
- 释能特性 /
- 爆轰波形 /
- 破片质量 /
- 破片初速
Abstract: In order to study the energy release law of a charge with a non-circular cross-sectional structure under the influence of initiation modes, the energy release characteristics of the charge with a non-circular cross-sectional structure under different initiation modes were calculated by AUTODYN simulation software, then effects of initiation modes on the evolution of detonation waveforms, and masses and initial velocities of fragments were analyzed. The results show that, due to particularity of the charge’s structure, energy distribution of the charge is uneven when using single-endpoint initiation, which results in a large number of invalid fragments with small masses in some areas, and a large fluctuation of initial velocities of fragments at different positions. When the two-endpoint and three-endpoint initiation modes are adopted, the detonation energy is homogenized, the number of invalid fragments is reduced, and the consistency of fragments’ initial velocities is improved. It proves that the energy output structure of a charge with a non-circular cross-sectional structure could be effectively regulated by adjusting the initiation mode, and the circumferential energy field could be homogenized.
- initiation modes /
- non-circular cross-sectional charge /
- energy release characteristic /
- detonation waveform /
- fragment mass /
- fragment velocity

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图 1 战斗部截面

Figure 1. Cross section of the warhead

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图 2 不同起爆点位置

Figure 2. Positions of different initiation points

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图 3 有限元模型

Figure 3. Finite element model

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图 4 分幅观测试验布局

Figure 4. Test layout for framing observation

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图 5 数值模拟结果与试验结果的对比

Figure 5. Comparison of simulation and test results

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图 6 不同起爆方式下的爆轰波形演变

Figure 6. Evolution of detonation waveforms under different initiation modes

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图 7 不同起爆方式下的壳体破裂过程

Figure 7. Fracturing process of shell under different initiation modes

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图 8 装药区域划分

Figure 8. Area division of a charge

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图 9 两点起爆时的马赫反射区

Figure 9. Mach reflection zones withtwo-endpoint initiation mode

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图 10 破片初速沿径向分布曲线

Figure 10. Radial distribution of fragments’ initial velocities

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表 1 不同部件的网格划分

Table 1. Meshing of different parts

Part	Grid size/mm	Elements number	Nodes number	Grid quality
Shell	3	9 702	12 320	≥0.95
Charge	3	66 943	87 695	≥0.90
Air	1	1 450 000		≥0.95

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表 2 空气参数

Table 2. Parameters of the air

$\gamma $	$\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	e/kJ	p_shift/GPa
1.4	0.001 225	206.8	0

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表 3 炸药参数

Table 3. Parameters of the explosive

D_CJ/(km·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	$\omega $	E₀/(kJ·cm⁻³)
7.98	29.5	524.23	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34	8.5

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表 4 壳体参数

Table 4. Parameters of the shell

A₀/MPa	B₀/MPa	C	n	m	T₀/K	T_m/K	${\dot \varepsilon}$₀/s⁻¹
792	510	0.014	0.26	1.03	294	1 793	1

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表 5 破片质量分布

Table 5. Mass distribution of fragments

Mass range/g	Fragments number
Mass range/g	Single-endpoint	Two-endpoint	Three-endpoint
4.0–8.0	12	10	8
1.0–4.0	86	112	120
0.8–1.0	40	52	62
0.6–0.8	32	52	54
0.4–0.6	94	104	102
<0.4	254	198	186
Total	518	528	532

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表 6 破片速度分布

Table 6. Velocity distribution of fragments

Detonation mode	Velocity range/(m·s⁻¹)	Average velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Velocity standard deviation/(m·s⁻¹)
Single-endpoint	1 551–1 758	1 660	64
Two-endpoint	1 572–1 735	1 649	37
Three-endpoint	1 563–1 760	1 657	39

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