Simulation of the Preheating Effects on the Discharging of Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion
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摘要: 得益于预加热和轴向磁场的作用，理论上磁化套筒惯性聚变（MagLIF）构型能有效降低聚变实现的难度，具有极大的应用潜力。然而，当前研究过于重视对激光能量沉积效率的提升，而忽略了预加热自身参数对MagLIF过程和内爆结果的影响。为此，采用一维集成化数值模拟程序MIST，开展了MagLIF过程中预加热效果对聚变放能影响的模拟研究，基于参数扫描方法，从简单的模型着手，逐步深入探讨相关参数对内爆结果的影响。模拟结果表明：预加热是MagLIF构型能够成功的必要条件，最佳时间是套筒即将开始向内压缩燃料的时刻；燃料预加热的设计原则是让燃料获得尽可能平缓分布的高温，而中心局部加热方式对于未能达到点火条件的负载更有优势；激光预加热模式下，脉宽越短越好，对于以ZR装置驱动能力为目标的算例而言，最佳套筒高度为1.0 cm。研究结果有助于加深对MagLIF过程中预加热机制和效果的认知和理解，对于具体的负载参数设计也有较强的指导意义。Abstract: Benefiting from laser preheating and axial magnetization, magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) has great application potential because it can effectively reduce the difficulties to realize the controlled fusion in theory. However, much attention has been paid to the improvement of laser energy deposition efficiency in current research, while the influence of preheating parameters on the MagLIF process and implosion is ignored. For this reason, the one-dimensional integrated simulation code, MIST, is used here to study the preheating effect on the fusion discharging in MagLIF process. Based on the method of parameter scanning, starting from a simple model, the studies of the influences of relevant parameters on implosion results are gradually advanced. The simulation results show that preheating is a necessary condition for the success of MagLIF configuration, and the best preheating time is the moment when the liner is about to compress the fuel. The design principle of preheating is to allow the fuel to acquire as smoothly distributed high temperature as possible, and the central local heating mode is more advantageous when the ignition fails. If the laser is preheated, the shorter pulse width will be better. For driving ability of ZR facility, the optimal liner height is 1.0 cm. These results are not only helpful to understand laser preheating mechanism and effect during MagLIF process, but also providing useful guidance for the design of the detail load parameters of MagLIF configuration.
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Key words:
- Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion /
- preheat influences /
- MIST /
- implosion
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图 2 250 eV预加热温度与无预加热条件下计算得到的燃料内能和聚变产额随时间演化曲线
Figure 2. Demonstrations of fusion yield and fuel internal energy calculated with 250 eV and no preheat
图 3 不同初始预加热温度下计算得到的内爆结果对比
Figure 3. Demonstrations of implosion results calculated with different preheat temperature
图 4 余弦预加热方式计算得到的滞止时刻燃料温度和密度分布曲线
Figure 4. Distributions of fuel temperature and density at stagnation time with cosine preheat
图 5 余弦预加热方式计算得到的聚变产额与燃料内能演化曲线
Figure 5. Demonstrations of fusion product and internal energy calculated with cosine preheat
图 6 不同沉积半径下预加热和迟滞阶段的温度分布曲线
Figure 6. Distributions of preheat and stagnation temperatures with different preheat radius
图 7 不同沉积半径下迟滞阶段的温度分布和聚变产额演化曲线（Bz = 5 T）
Figure 7. Distributionsof stagnation temperature and evolvement of fusion product with different preheat radii (Bz = 5 T)
图 8 不同沉积半径下预加热时刻和迟滞阶段温度分布（Bz = 5 T, Elas = 3 kJ）
Figure 8. Distributions of preheat and stagnation temperature with different preheat radii (Bz = 5 T, Elas = 3 kJ)
图 9 不同沉积半径下磁化强度BR随时间演化曲线(Bz = 5 T, Elas = 3 kJ)
Figure 9. Schematic of BR evolving with time with different preheat radii (Bz = 5 T, Elas = 3 kJ)
图 11 不同激光脉宽和功率参数下预加热时燃料中温度和密度分布
Figure 11. Distributions of fuel temperature and density with different laser power and durations at preheat time
图 13 ZR装置绝缘堆电压曲线和MIST程序计算得到的负载电流曲线
Figure 13. Voltage curve from the vacuum insulator and calculated current curve by MIST code
表 1 不同预加热温度下计算得到的内爆结果对比
Table 1. Calculated implosion results with different preheat temperatures
Preheat temperature/
eVPreheat energy/
kJFuel temperature/
keVInternal energy/
(kJ·cm−1)Fusion yield/
(kJ·cm−1)Q 50 3.8 4.7 310 510 1.65 100 7.2 7.5 470 1400 2.98 150 10.6 9.4 580 2000 3.45 200 14.0 10.5 650 2300 3.54 250 17.4 10.0 700 2420 3.46 300 20.8 11.6 730 2450 3.36 350 24.0 11.7 740 2390 3.23 
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表 2 不同套筒高度计算得到的内爆结果对比
Table 2. Calculated implosion results calculated with different liner heights
h/cm Preheat temperature/eV Peak current/MA Internal energy/(kJ·cm−1) Fusion yield/(kJ·cm−1) Total yield/kJ 0.50 890 29.5 786 2426 1213 0.75 615 28.9 668 2133 1600 1.00 450 28.2 565 1614 1614 1.25 364 27.4 478 1172 1465
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