99氧化铝陶瓷在不同应变率下的破碎特性

赵兵; 李丹; 赵锋; 胡秋实

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200606

99氧化铝陶瓷在不同应变率下的破碎特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200606

赵兵^1,,
李丹^1,*, ,,
赵锋²,
胡秋实²

1.
西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，四川绵阳　621010
2.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室，四川绵阳　621999

基金项目: 四川省应用基础研究计划项目（2018JY0514）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵兵（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事陶瓷颗粒破碎度研究. E-mail：zhaobing0117@163.com

通讯作者:
李丹（1975－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事爆炸与冲击动力学研究. E-mail：danli@swust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O346.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 4466
- HTML全文浏览量: 2185
- PDF下载量: 29
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-22
- 修回日期: 2020-09-15

Crushing Characteristics of 99 Alumina Ceramics under Different Strain Rates

ZHAO Bing^1
,,
LI Dan^{1,*
, ,},
ZHAO Feng²,
HU Qiushi²

1.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 开展了99氧化铝陶瓷在不同应变率下的轴向压缩实验，通过对相应应变率下的试件碎片进行软回收，并结合筛余法对碎片进行几何表征，获得了不同应变率下的碎片尺寸分布曲线和试件破坏的能量吸收过程，建立了颗粒陶瓷的外力功与相对破碎率之间的关系。采用数字图像相关（Digital image correlation, DIC）技术获取了不同应变率下沿加载方向的应变场，并结合能量吸收过程和碎片级配表现分析了破坏模式。实验结果表明：99氧化铝陶瓷的破坏强度与应变率呈正相关，在中应变率下，能量吸收率与应变率呈负相关，由于能量吸收机制的改变，样品初始为劈裂破坏；当应变率达到401 s⁻¹时，破坏模式变为劈裂-粉碎混合破坏；随着应变率继续增大，试件变为粉碎破坏，颗粒平均粒径减小，碎片尺寸趋同，应力集中的影响逐渐减弱。分析了能量、破坏过程、碎片分布之间的关系，最终获得了碎片分布规律以及破碎特性。
- 99氧化铝陶瓷 /
- 碎片分析 /
- 分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)技术 /
- 能量吸收率
Abstract: In this study, axial compression experiments of 99 alumina ceramics at different strain rates were carried out. After soft recovering of the fragments at the corresponding strain rates, and geometrical characterization of the specimen fragments by the sieve residue method, the fragment size distribution curves at different strain rates as well as the energy absorption process in the failure of the specimen were obtained, and the relationship between the external force of the granular ceramic and the relative crushing rate was also established. Digital image correlation (DIC) technology is used to obtain the strain field along the loading direction at different strain rates, and the failure mode is analyzed in combination with the energy absorption process and fragment grading performance. The results show that the fracture strength of 99 alumina ceramics is positively correlated with the strain rate. At the middle strain rate, the energy absorption rate has a negative correlation with the strain rate. Due to the change of the energy absorption mechanism, the sample was fractured at the beginning, but the failure mode became split-crushing mixed failure when the strain rate reached 401 s⁻¹. With the strain rate increasing, the specimen became crushed and damaged. The average particle size decreases, the size of the fragments converges, and the influence of stress concentration gradually weakens. The relationship among energy, destruction process and fragment distribution was analyzed, and finally the fragment distribution law and fragmentation characteristics were obtained.
- 99 alumina ceramics /
- fragment analysis /
- split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technology /
- energy absorption rate

HTML全文

图 1 弹丸侵彻陶瓷靶板示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of projectile penetrating ceramic target

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 SHPB实验装置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic of SHPB experimental setup

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 应变场分析的区域

Figure 3. Area of the analyzed strain field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 试件能量吸收过程

Figure 4. Energy absorption process of specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同应变率下能量吸收时程曲线与特殊时刻应变场分布

Figure 5. Energy absorption time history curves and strain field distribution at special time under different strain rates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同应变率下的应力集中系数

Figure 6. Stress concentration factor under different strain rates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 4种碎片计算模型

Figure 7. Four kinds of fragment calculation models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同应变率下碎片的收集情况

Figure 8. Fragments collection at different strain rates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同应变率下的碎片尺寸分布曲线

Figure 9. Fragment size distribution curves atdifferent strain rates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 碎片尺寸与应变率的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between fragment sizesand strain rates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试件能量吸收率

Table 1. Energy absorption rate of specimens

$ \dot{\varepsilon } $/s⁻¹	W_L/J	W_I/J	$\eta $/%
189	48.6	406.5	11.96
401	49.6	490.3	10.12
621	50.4	550.8	9.15
821	51.1	631.2	8.10

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同应变率下的比表面积

Table 2. Specific surface area under different strain rates

$\dot \varepsilon $/s⁻¹	m/g	A/cm²	α/(cm²·g⁻¹)	$\eta\rm{_i}$/%
189	2.02	356.19	176.33
401	2.05	655.21	319.61	81.26
621	2.01	821.33	408.62	27.85
821	2.06	933.03	452.93	10.84

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(34)

[1]	GAO Y B, TANG T G, YI C H, et al. Study of static and dynamic behavior of TiB₂–B₄C composite [J]. Materials and Design, 2016, 92: 814–822.
[2]	APPLEBY-THOMAS G J, WOOD D C, HAMEED A, et al. On the effects of powder morphology on the post-comminution ballistic strength of ceramics [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2017, 100: 46–55. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.10.008
[3]	MITRA E, HAZELL P J, ASHRAF M. A discrete element model to predict the pressure-density relationship of blocky and angular ceramic particles under uniaxial compression [J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2015, 50(23): 7742–7751. doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9344-y
[4]	ANDERSON JR C E, BEHNER T, ORPHAL D L, et al. Time-resolved penetration into pre-damaged hot-pressed silicon carbide [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(8): 661–673. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.12.003
[5]	HORSFALL I, EDWARDS M R, HALLAS M J. Ballistic and physical properties of highly fractured alumina [J]. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 2010, 109(8): 498–503. doi: 10.1179/174367610X12804792635341
[6]	NANDA H, APPLEBY-THOMAS G J, WOOD D C, et al. Ballistic behaviour of explosively shattered alumina and silicon carbide targets [J]. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 2011, 110(5): 287–292. doi: 10.1179/1743676111Y.0000000015
[7]	HAZELL P J, APPLEBY-THOMAS G J, TOONE S. Ballistic compaction of a confined ceramic powder by a non-deforming projectile: experiments and simulations [J]. Materials and Design, 2014, 56: 943–952.
[8]	陈小伟, 陈裕泽. 脆性陶瓷靶高速侵彻/穿甲动力学的研究进展 [J]. 力学进展, 2006, 36(1): 85–102. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0992.2006.01.014 CHEN X W, CHEN Y Z. Review on the penetration/perforation of ceramics targets [J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2006, 36(1): 85–102. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0992.2006.01.014
[9]	尹志新, 李言语, 梁兴华, 等. 陶瓷/金属复合装甲抗侵彻研究进展 [J]. 四川兵工学报, 2013, 34(5): 116–119. YIN Z X, LI Y Y, LIANG X H, et al. Research progress of ceramic/metal composite armor against ballistic penetration [J]. Journal of Sichuan Ordnance Engineering, 2013, 34(5): 116–119.
[10]	陈硕, 赵忠民, 张龙. 陶瓷装甲材料动态力学研究进展 [J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2016, 36(4): 401–406. CHEN S, ZHAO Z M, ZHANG L. Review on dynamic fracture of ceramics materials in armor applications [J]. Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys, 2016, 36(4): 401–406.
[11]	HAMEED A, APPLEBY-THOMAS G J, WOOD D C, et al. On the ballistic response of comminuted ceramics [J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2014, 500(11): 112005. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/500/11/112005
[12]	HUANG J, XU S, HU S. The role of contact friction in the dynamic breakage behavior of granular materials [J]. Granular Matter, 2015, 17(1): 111–120. doi: 10.1007/s10035-014-0543-z
[13]	LÓPEZ-PUENTE J, ARIAS A, ZAERA R, et al. The effect of the thickness of the adhesive layer on the ballistic limit of ceramic/metal armours. An experimental and numerical study [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2005, 32(1/2/3/4): 321–336.
[14]	ANDERSON JR C E, ROYAL-TIMMONS S A. Ballistic performance of confined 99.5%-Al₂O₃ ceramic tiles [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1997, 19(8): 703–713. doi: 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00006-7
[15]	SHIH C J, MEYERS M A, NESTERENKO V F. High-strain-rate deformation of granular silicon carbide [J]. Acta materialia, 1998, 46(11): 4037–4065. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00040-8
[16]	SHIH C J, NESTERENKO V F, MEYERS M A. Shear localization and comminution of granular and fragmented silicon carbide [J]. Journal de Physique IV, 1997, 7(C3): 577–582.
[17]	GU Y B, RAVICHANDRAN G. Dynamic behavior of selected ceramic powders [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006, 32(11): 1768–1785. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.04.012
[18]	HOGAN J D, CASTILLO J A, RAWLE A, et al. Automated microscopy and particle size analysis of dynamic fragmentation in natural ceramics [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, 98: 80–91. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.11.021
[19]	冯若琪, 朱哲明, 范勇. 砂岩半圆盘弯曲的复合型断裂性质及准则研究 [J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2016, 48(Suppl 1): 121–127. FENG R Q, ZHU Z M, FAN Y. Research on mixed-mode fracture properties and criteria by using sandstone SCB specimen [J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Sciences Edition), 2016, 48(Suppl 1): 121–127.
[20]	洪忠强. 岩石破碎度计算方法及破碎岩层分级探讨 [J]. 探矿工程, 1987(5): 57–60. HONG Z Q. Discussion on calculation method of rock fragmentation and classification of broken rock strata [J]. Exploration Engineering, 1987(5): 57–60.
[21]	章冠人. 动力破碎的几何统计和分形方法 [J]. 高压物理学报, 1996, 10(3): 56–60. ZHANG G R. Geometrical statistics and fractal method for the fragment distribution of dynamic loading [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 1996, 10(3): 56–60.
[22]	郑宇轩. 韧性材料的动态碎裂特性研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2013. ZHENG Y X. Research on dynamic fragmentation of ductile metals [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2013.
[23]	THEODOROU D N, SUTER U W. Shape of unperturbed linear polymers: polypropylene [J]. Macromolecules, 1985, 18(6): 1206–1214. doi: 10.1021/ma00148a028
[24]	FAROOQUE T M, CAMP C H, TISON C K, et al. Measuring stem cell dimensionality in tissue scaffolds [J]. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(9): 2558–2567. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.092
[25]	DRUGAN W J. Dynamic fragmentation of brittle materials: analytical mechanics-based models [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2001, 49(6): 1181–1208. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00002-3
[26]	WENG L, WU Z, LIU Q, et al. Energy dissipation and dynamic fragmentation of dry and water-saturated siltstones under sub-zero temperatures [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2019, 220: 106659. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106659
[27]	谈瑞, 李海洋, 黄俊宇. Al₂O₃陶瓷动静态压缩下碎片形貌与破坏机理分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(2): 023103. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0050 TAN R, LI H Y, HUANG J Y. Investigations on the fragment morphology and fracture mechanisms of Al₂O₃ ceramics under dynamic and quasi-static compression [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(2): 023103. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0050
[28]	HAYUN S, PARIS V, DARIEL M P, et al. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of boron carbide processed by spark plasma sintering [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2009, 29(16): 3395–3400. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.07.007
[29]	ZHANG Z G, WANG M C, SONG S C, et al. Influence of panel/back thickness on impact damage behavior of alumina/aluminum armors [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2010, 30(4): 875–887. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.08.023
[30]	HOLLAND C C, MCMEEKING R M. The influence of mechanical and microstructural properties on the rate-dependent fracture strength of ceramics in uniaxial compression [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 81: 34–49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.02.007
[31]	GRADY D E. Local inertial effects in dynamic fragmentation [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1982, 53(1): 322–325. doi: 10.1063/1.329934
[32]	GLENN L A, CHUDNOVSKY A. Strain-energy effects on dynamic fragmentation [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1986, 59(4): 1379–1380. doi: 10.1063/1.336532
[33]	ZHOU F H, MOLINARI J-F, RAMESH K T. Effects of material properties on the fragmentation of brittle materials [J]. International Journal of Fracture, 2006, 139(2): 169–196. doi: 10.1007/s10704-006-7135-9
[34]	周风华, 郭丽娜, 王礼立. 脆性固体碎裂过程中的最快卸载特性 [J]. 固体力学学报, 2010, 31(3): 286–295. ZHOU F H, GUO L N, WANG L L. The rapidest unloading characteristics in the fragmentation process of brittle solids [J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2010, 31(3): 286–295.