基于FLACS的某城市燃气储配站气云爆炸安全评估

刘洋; 李展; 张亚栋; 陈力; 方秦

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200595

基于FLACS的某城市燃气储配站气云爆炸安全评估

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200595

刘洋^1,,
李展^1,*, ,,
张亚栋²,
陈力²,
方秦¹

1.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室，江苏南京　210007
2.
东南大学爆炸安全防护教育部工程研究中心，江苏南京　211189

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52008392）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20190571）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　洋（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事燃气爆炸灾害效应研究. E-mail：20145035@cqu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李　展（1990－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事燃气爆炸灾害效应研究. E-mail：lz.9008@163.com

中图分类号: O381; X932
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-22
- 修回日期: 2020-08-11

Safety Evaluation of Gas Cloud Explosions in an Urban Distribution Stations Based on FLACS

LIU Yang^1
,,
LI Zhan^{1,*
, ,},
ZHANG Yadong²,
CHEN Li²,
FANG Qin¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact,Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
2.
Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion & Impact of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 随着城市的发展，位于城市边缘的燃气储配站逐渐转移到了城市中心，而储配站存在燃气泄漏爆炸的可能，给城市公共安全带来潜在的风险。基于GIS技术建立了南京某燃气储配站所在区域的几何模型，导入FLACS软件进行甲烷气云爆炸数值模拟，研究了储配站气云爆炸发展过程与荷载分布规律，讨论了气云大小、点火位置以及气云位置对爆炸超压的影响，最后根据模拟结果划出爆炸损伤范围。结果表明：将GIS技术应用于FLACS模型建立可以大大缩短建模时间并提高模型精度；当气云尺寸不小于60 m且点火位置存在明显约束或障碍时，点火后可能产生爆燃；气云位于储罐西南侧时将造成大范围的人员轻伤和建筑物轻微损坏，并造成一定范围的人员重伤和建筑物的严重损坏；为避免气云爆炸产生严重后果，储配站附近应尽量减少高大密集的建筑群。
- 气云爆炸 /
- FLACS /
- 储配站 /
- 地理信息系统 /
- 安全评估
Abstract: There is a possibility of gas leakage during the operation of gas distribution stations. The flammable gas mixture generated by the leaked gases may result in explosion accident and bring about great hazards to the public safety. Based on geographic information system (GIS) technology, the geometric model of urban block around a gas distribution station in Nanjing was established and imported in the CFD software FLACS to simulate the gas cloud explosion. The development process and overpressure distribution of gas cloud explosion around the gas distribution station under typical working conditions were revealed. The influences of gas cloud size, ignition position and gas cloud position on the explosion overpressure were discussed. In addition, the damage level of the gas cloud explosion was discussed based on the numerical predictions. The results show that the application of GIS technology can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the model significantly. When the size of gas cloud is larger than 60 m and with obvious restrictions or obstacles in the ignition position, gas deflagration may occur. When the gas cloud is located on the southwest side of the gasholder, the explosion will cause a wide range of minor injuries (damage) to people (buildings), and cause a certain range of serious injuries (damage) to people (buildings). In order to avoid the serious consequences of gas cloud explosion, the existence of tall and dense buildings near the gas distribution station should be avoided.
- gas cloud explosion /
- FLACS /
- gas distribution station /
- geographicinformationsystem (GIS) /
- safety evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 储配站周围重要建筑物分布

Figure 1. Important buildings around the gas distribution station

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图 2 储配站区域航拍图与几何模型

Figure 2. Aerial photograph and geometric model of gas distribution station area

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图 3 储配站数值模型

Figure 3. Numerical model of gas distribution station area

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图 4 压力测点分布

Figure 4. Positions of pressure gauges

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图 5 不同气云尺寸（工况1～工况3）

Figure 5. Different sizes of gas clouds (Case 1−Case 3)

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图 6 不同气云位置（工况1，工况6～工况8）

Figure 6. Different locations of gas clouds (Case 1, Case 6−Case 8)

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图 7 超压时程曲线（工况1）

Figure 7. Overpressure-time histories of Case 1

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图 8 气云爆炸火焰形状（工况1）

Figure 8. Flame shapes of gas explosion (Case 1)

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图 9 工况1最大超压分布云图（3～25 kPa）

Figure 9. Contour of maximum overpressure for Case 1 (3−25kPa)

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图 10 测点P2超压时程曲线（工况1～工况3）

Figure 10. Overpressure-time histories of pressure sensor P2 (Case 1−Case 3)

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图 11 最大超压时刻气云爆炸火焰形状（工况1～工况3）

Figure 11. Flame shapes of gas explosion (Case 1−Case 3)

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图 12 测点P2超压时程曲线（工况1，工况4～工况7）

Figure 12. Pressure-time curves of pressure sensor P2 (Case 1, Case 4−Case 7)

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图 13 气云爆炸火焰形状（工况4）

Figure 13. Characteristics of the flame shape of gas explosion (Case 4)

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图 14 气云爆炸火焰形状（工况5和工况6）

Figure 14. Characteristics of the flame shape of gas explosion (Case 5 and Case 6)

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图 15 气云爆炸火焰形状（工况7）

Figure 15. Characteristics of the flame shape of gas explosion (Case 7)

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图 16 最大超压分布云图（工况1，工况8～工况10）

Figure 16. Contours of maximum overpressure distribution (Case 1, Case 8−Case 10)

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图 17 人员轻伤范围 (20~40 kPa)

Figure 17. Range of minor wound (20−40 kPa)

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图 18 人员中伤和重伤范围

Figure 18. Range of secondary wound and severe wound

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图 19 建筑物轻微损坏范围 (3~10 kPa)

Figure 19. Ranges of building minor damage (3−10kPa)

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图 20 建筑物轻度损坏范围 (10～30 kPa)

Figure 20. Ranges of building mild damage(10−30 kPa)

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图 21 建筑物中度和严重损坏范围

Figure 21. Ranges of secondary damage and badly damage

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表 1 压力测点布局

Table 1. Positions of pressure sensors

Serial number of pressure sensors	Buildings	Descriptions
P1, P2	Office building	Important high-rise building
P3	Residential building	Important high-rise building
P4	Children’s hall	Important building
P5	Nursery school	Important building
P6	Shopping mall	Potential crowded area
P7	Gas station	Important building

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表 2 气云爆炸模拟工况

Table 2. Cases considered in the numerical simulations

Case No.	Gas cloud size	Ignition location	Gas cloud location
1	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Center of bottom area	Close to the gasholder
2	60 m × 60 m × 60 m	Center of bottom area	Close to the gasholder
3	30 m × 30 m × 30 m	Center of bottom area	Close to the gasholder
4	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Center of gas cloud	Close to the gasholder
5	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Southwest corner of bottom area	Close to the gasholder
6	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Southeast corner of bottom area	Close to the gasholder
7	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Northeast corner of bottom area	Close to the gasholder
8	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Center of bottom area	Northwest side
9	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Center of bottom area	West side
10	90 m × 90 m × 90 m	Center of bottom area	Southwest side

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表 3 爆炸超压对人员和建筑物的伤害^[46]

Table 3. Damage level of personnel and buildings under explosion overpressure^[46]

Damage level of personnel	Overpressure/kPa	Damage level of buildings	Overpressure/kPa
Safe	< 20	Minor damage	3−10
Minor wound	20−40	Mild damage	10−30
Secondary wound	30−50	Secondary damage	30−50
Severe wound	50−100	Badly damaged	50−80
Death	> 100	Completely damaged	> 80

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