铝弹丸超高速撞击防护结构的研究进展

林健宇 罗斌强 徐名扬 宋卫东 柏劲松 裴晓阳 于继东 李平

林健宇, 罗斌强, 徐名扬, 宋卫东, 柏劲松, 裴晓阳, 于继东, 李平. 铝弹丸超高速撞击防护结构的研究进展[J]. 高压物理学报, 2019, 33(3): 030112. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190774
引用本文: 林健宇, 罗斌强, 徐名扬, 宋卫东, 柏劲松, 裴晓阳, 于继东, 李平. 铝弹丸超高速撞击防护结构的研究进展[J]. 高压物理学报, 2019, 33(3): 030112. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190774
LIN Jianyu, LUO Binqiang, XU Mingyang, SONG Weidong, BAI Jingsong, PEI Xiaoyang, YU Jidong, LI Ping. Progress of Aluminum Projectile Impacting on Plate with Hypervelocity[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2019, 33(3): 030112. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190774
Citation: LIN Jianyu, LUO Binqiang, XU Mingyang, SONG Weidong, BAI Jingsong, PEI Xiaoyang, YU Jidong, LI Ping. Progress of Aluminum Projectile Impacting on Plate with Hypervelocity[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2019, 33(3): 030112. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190774

铝弹丸超高速撞击防护结构的研究进展

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190774
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(11702272); 国家自然科学基金(11532012)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    林健宇(1987-),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事多介质力学计算研究. E-mail:linjiany@mail.ustc.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    宋卫东(1975-),男,博士,教授,主要从事材料与结构冲击动力学研究. E-mail:swdgh@bit.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O347; V423

Progress of Aluminum Projectile Impacting on Plate with Hypervelocity

  • 摘要: 以空间碎片防护为背景,回顾了超高速铝弹丸正撞击单层和双层铝合金防护结构的研究进展,讨论了目前针对超高速撞击的弹丸发射技术和数值模拟方法(如Euler方法、无网格方法等)的优缺点。数值模拟不仅建立在离散方法上,还需要提供准确的材料本构模型和状态方程。介绍了常用材料模型(包括Johnson-Cook、Steinberg-Guinan模型)和状态方程(包括Tillotson、ANEOS、SESAME、GRAY三相状态方程)。基于实验和数值模拟,目前对7 km/s以下的超高速撞击物理过程已经认识得比较清楚。对单层板,重点讨论了板的穿孔特征和孔径模型;对双层板,除了前板的穿孔外,还讨论了碎片云的分布特征、材料相变、碎片云的相态分布、弹丸形状的影响、碎片云的散布模型以及碎片云对后板造成的破坏特征。最后介绍了工程防护中较为重要的防护结构的弹道极限方程。单层板和双层板的弹道极限方程研究近年来取得了较大进展。本文回顾了国内外常用的弹道极限方程以及近年来新提出的理论模型和基于人工神经网络的模型等。

     

  • 图  横截面图和孔洞形状[154](左侧横截面图的上方为撞击侧,箭头为横截面图放大的位置)

    Figure  1.  Cross-sections and the shape of the hole[154](Cross sections are shown with the impacted side toward the top of the page. Arrow in hole indicates where material in micrograph was obtained.)

    图  Rosenberg公式[161]与实验[154]的对比(虚线斜率分别为0.95和1.05)

    Figure  2.  Comparison between Rosenberg’s model[161] and experiments[154] (The slopes of dashed lines are separately 0.95 and 1.05.)

    图  数值模拟[76]和实验[62]对比(v=6.15 km/s,撞击时间分别是8.1 ${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$、23.2 ${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$,初始弹丸形状叠加在图中)

    Figure  3.  Comparison of debris from calculation (top)[76] and experiment (bottom)[62]v=6.15 km/s, time at 8.1 ${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$ and 23.2 ${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$, the initial shape of the projectile is also shown in the left picture.)

    图  二阶Euler数值模拟和实验[62]对比(v=6.15 km/s,撞击时间是8.1 ${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$

    Figure  4.  Comparison of 2nd Eulerian simulation and experiment[62]v=6.15 km/s, time at 8.1 ${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$

    图  不同厚度下碎片云的变化[166]

    Figure  5.  Debris clouds of different thicknesses of the plate[166]

    图  碎片云随弹丸速度变化[166]t/D=0.049)

    Figure  6.  Debris clouds for different velocities of the projectile[166]t/D=0.049)

    图  (a)(b) Mo和Pb弹丸高速撞击碎片云形态对比[169, 171];(c) Pb弹丸数值模拟密度云图[136];(d) MPM数值模拟结果[110];(e) 铝弹丸的数值模拟相态分布[153](红色为气态,绿色为液态,淡蓝色为固态)

    Figure  7.  (a)(b) Comparison of the debris clouds of Mo and Pb projectiles[169, 171]; (c) density clouds from the simulation of Pb projectile[136]; (d) results from MPM simulation; (e) phase clouds from the simulation of Al projectile[153]( red for gases, green for liquids and cyan for solids)

    图  弹丸质量相同但形状不同的碎片云分布

    Figure  8.  The distribution of debris cloud generated by hypervelocity impact of projectiles with the same mass and different shapes

    图  三维SPH模拟柱状弹丸撞击刚性壁的温度云图

    Figure  9.  The temperature cloud diagram of the cylindrical projectile impacting rigid wall by 3D SPH simulation

    图  10  六种不同速度下三维模拟得到的电荷数随时间变化

    Figure  10.  The charges change with time at six different impact velocities by 3D simulation

    图  11  相同速度、不同角度碰撞产生的等离子体电量

    Figure  11.  Plasma charges generated along different impacting angles under the same impact velocity

    图  12  相同碰撞速度、不同撞击角度下产生等离子体引发的磁感应强度随时间变化曲线

    Figure  12.  The time-depedent magnetic induction intensity generated by hypervelocity impacts at different impact angles under the same impact velocity

    图  13  直径为6.35 mm的铝弹丸以5 km/s撞击1 mm厚铝板碎片云模型[184]与SPH模拟对比

    Figure  13.  Comparison between the model and the simulation of SPH[184] (The diameter of the Al projectile is 6.35 mm, the velocity is 5 km/s and the thickness of the Al plate is 1 mm.)

    图  14  中低速后撞击板损伤破坏特征:(a)(b)取自文献[185];(c)取自文献[184]

    Figure  14.  The damage patterns impacted by low and medium velocity: (a)(b) are from Ref.[185] and (c) is from Ref.[184]

    图  15  高速撞击后板损伤破坏特征[186]

    Figure  15.  The damage patterns for high speed projectile[186]

    图  16  数值模拟结果与二级轻气炮实验结果的比较

    Figure  16.  Comparions between simulation and two-stage light gas gun experiment

    图  17  ANN的弹道极限曲线与JSC模型(BLE)的比较

    Figure  17.  Comparison between ANN model and JSC (BLE) ballistic model

    表  1  实验加载方式和典型克/亚克级发射参数

    Table  1.   Experimental methods and typical parameters for projectile with mass in gram or sub-gram

    MethodsYearMaterialVelocity/(km·s–1ShapeMass/gComments and sources
    Three-stage light gas gun1993Al9.52Flyer plate0.78Sandia National Laboratories[48]
    2017Al10.1Flyer plate0.22Institute of Fluid Physics[49]
    Magnetically driven device2011Al45Flyer plate0.79Z accelerator, Sandia National Laboratories[50]
    2014Al8.7Flyer plate0.12CQ-4, Institute of Fluid Physics[51]
    2014Al11.5Flyer plate0.15PTS, Institute of Fluid Physics[52]
    Electric gun2019Mylar10Flyer plate0.30Institute of Fluid Physics
    ISCL (Inhibited Shaped Charge Launcher)1995Al11.16Cylinder1.02Southwest Research Institute[53]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  铝平面对称碰撞时相变对应的速度和压力

    Table  2.   The velocity of the Al projectile and the pressure from impacting

    Source/Phase
    change
    Incipient melting
    due to release
    Complete melting
    due to release
    Incipient vaporization
    due to release
    Complete vaporization
    due to release
    Hopkins et al.[169]2.7 km/s, 65 GPa3.38 km/s, 89 GPa
    Anderson et al.[170]2.85 km/s, 71 GPa3.45 km/s, 94 GPa5.2 km/s, 174 GPa
    Bjork[171]6.2 km/s, 225 GPa2700 GPa
    Shockey et al.[172]2.6–3.6 km/s3.3–4.6 km/s5.5–7.5 km/s12.5–16.5 km/s
    Pierazzo et al.[173]73 GPa106 GPa315 GPa
    Source/Phase
    change
    Incipient melting
    due to shock
    Complete melting
    due to shock
    Tang[153]125 GPa160 GPa
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  弹丸质量相同、形状不同所得到碎片云的参数

    Table  3.   The parameters of debris cloud generated by hypervelocity impact of projectiles with the same mass and different shapes

    Shape of projectileDimensionsMass/gAxial length/mmRadical length/mm
    Sphere$\varnothing $5.02 mm0.180 8944.540.5
    Cylinder$\varnothing $5.02 mm×4.6 mm0.182 6146.544.0
    Disk$\varnothing $5.02 mm×1.0 mm0.181 0645.532.2
    下载: 导出CSV
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