冲击载荷作用下岩体拉-压损伤破坏的边坡抛掷爆破模拟

梁瑞; 周文海; 余建平; 李珍宝; 杜超飞; 王敦繁

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20180535

冲击载荷作用下岩体拉-压损伤破坏的边坡抛掷爆破模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20180535

1.
兰州理工大学石油化工学院，甘肃兰州　730050
2.
浙江大学海洋学院，浙江舟山　316021

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51566010，51076061）；甘肃省自然科学基金（B061709）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁　瑞（1968－），男，博士，教授，主要从事安全工程与工程爆破研究. E-mail: liangr@lut.cn

通讯作者:
周文海（1989－），男，硕士，助教，主要从事安全工程与工程爆破研究. E-mail: 18394499554@139.com

中图分类号: O347.1; TU457
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-03
- 修回日期: 2018-04-19
- 发布日期: 2019-02-25

Numerical Simulation of Rock Tension-Compression Fracture Caused by Impact Load during Slope Casting Blast

1.
School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2.
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China

摘要

摘要: 为了获得边坡台阶爆破时岩体在冲击载荷作用下破碎和抛掷过程中各物理参量的变化规律，将构建的岩体动态拉-压损伤本构关系嵌入模拟软件进行数值分析。结果表明：振动波三轴合成速率曲线与质点振动位移曲线的变化趋势所对应的时间节点和步长基本吻合，可作为降振减灾的判定指标；岩体最早于0.6 ms左右从坡脚位置产生裂纹，直至12.5 ms左右裂纹裂隙完成扩展，所形成的炮孔粉碎区半径约28 cm；抛掷块状分离现象从炮孔药包的中间部位开始，最大抛掷速度集中于该部位至边坡自由面之间的垂直区域内，边坡自由面抛掷速度小于炮孔周围岩块抛掷速度，导致抛掷过程中形成二次挤压破碎现象；破碎大块主要来源于边坡坡脚、炸药与堵塞物接触面两侧围岩以及台阶顶部自由面处，大块块体直径分布于1.6～2.7 m范围。
- 冲击载荷 /
- 拉-压损伤破坏 /
- 损伤耦合 /
- 抛掷爆破
Abstract: In order to study the change law of physical parameters in the process of rock fracturing and throwing during slope bench blasting, the equation of rock damage under dynamic tension-compression effect was established and applied to numerical analysis. The results showed that the tendency of time node and step size in simulation was basically identical with the triaxial synthetic rate curve of vibration wave and particle vibration displacement, which can be used as a criterion for reducing vibration and decreasing disaster. Cracks were formed in the foot of slope at about 0.6 ms and completely extended at about 12.5 ms. The pulverizing area radius around the blast hole was 28 cm. The rock separation phenomenon was preliminarily observed at the middle part of the blast hole. The maximum throwing velocity was distributed in the vertical region between this part and the free surface of the slope. The throwing velocity at the free surface was less than that of the rocks around the blast hole, which results in the secondary crushing phenomenon during the throwing process. The large bulk rocks were mainly produced in the toe of slope, the surrounding rock on both sides of the contact surface between explosive and plug, and the free-surface at the top of the step. The range of large rock diameter in the process of blasting was 1.6–2.7 m.
- impact load /
- tension-compression fracture /
- damage coupling /
- casting blast

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图 1 损伤模型嵌入流程

Figure 1. Flowchart for damage model

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图 2 台阶平面模型

Figure 2. Model of the bench plane

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图 3 三轴合成速率-时间云图

Figure 3. Nephograms of synthetic velocity

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图 4 合成速度-时间曲线

Figure 4. Resultant velocity vs. time

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图 5 振动位移-时间曲线

Figure 5. Vibration displacement vs. time

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图 6 合成加速度-时间曲线

Figure 6. Resultant acceleration vs. time

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图 7 不同时间裂纹裂隙扩展形态分布

Figure 7. Variety of crack development of rock at different time

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图 8 边坡压力-时间曲线

Figure 8. Slope pressure vs. time

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图 9 起爆后不同时刻岩体的抛掷形态

Figure 9. Variety of damage and deformation of rock at different time

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图 10 大块分布形态

Figure 10. Distribution of rock blocks

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表 1 岩石主要物理力学参数

Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of rock

$\rho $/(g·cm^–3)	E/GPa	$\nu$	${\sigma _0}$/MPa	$\beta $	G/GPa	K/GPa	${K_{{\rm{IC}}}}$/(10⁵ N·m^-3/2)
2.7	18.23	0.23	102	1.0	7.41	11.25	5.32

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表 2 炸药主要参数

Table 2. Parameters of explosive

$\rho $/(g∙cm^-3)	p/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	${R_1}$	${R_2}$	$\omega $	E₀/GPa	${V_0}$
1.2	27	52.1	0.182	4.2	0.9	1.1	4.192	1.0

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