Dynamic Yield and Spall Properties of High-Strength Aluminum Alloys at Normal and Elevated Temperatures
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摘要: 采用一级轻气炮加载和电阻丝环向热传导加热方式, 对两种典型的高强铝合金(2024-T4和7075-T6)进行了不同预加温度(范围为298~750 K)下的层裂实验研究。基于自由面速度剖面的实测结果，获得了不同温度下两种铝合金材料的雨贡纽弹性极限和层裂强度，结果显示, 两种铝合金的雨贡纽弹性极限和层裂强度均随温度的升高呈线性衰减。同时，采用内聚力模型对两种铝合金的预加温层裂实验进行了数值模拟研究，讨论了模型参数的物理含义及确定方法，计算得到的自由面速度剖面与实验结果的吻合性很好，表明内聚力模型适用于描述层裂过程中由损伤演化引起的能量耗散行为。Abstract: Plate impact tests at normal and elevated temperatures were conducted to examine the influence of temperature on the dynamic response of 2 aluminum alloys (2024-T4 and 7075-T6) with the temperature range of 300-750 K.The free-surface velocity profiles, including the elastic precursor amplitude, pull-back amplitude and the acceleration of pull-back signals were investigated at different temperatures.Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) strength and spall strength were calculated using the free surface velocity profiles.Normalized HEL strength and normalized spall strength of 2024-T4 Al and 7075-T6 Al exhibit a similar linear decrease with increasing temperature.A cohesive zone model (CZM) was developed to simulate the spall behavior of aluminum alloys at different pre-heated temperatures.The physical meaning of CZM parameters and how to determine these parameters were discussed.It is found that the predicted free surface velocity profiles under different temperatures are in very good agreement with the experimental data, especially the slope, frequency and decay of the free surface velocity oscillations in the later phases of spalling, which demonstrates that the cohesive law is well applicable to characterize the energy dissipated behavior due to damage evolution.
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Key words:
- spall /
- pre-heated temperature /
- aluminum alloy /
- cohesive zone model
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图 1(a) 2024-T4铝合金的金相微结构组织
Figure 1(a). Optical micrographs of 2024-T4 aluminum alloy (Left, xOy section; right, 3-D volume)
图 1(b) 7075-T6铝合金的金相微结构组织
Figure 1(b). Optical micrographs of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy (Left, xOy section; right, 3-D volume)
图 2 预加温平板撞击实验装置
Figure 2. Schematic of the sample-heater assembly for planar impact experiments with sample pre-heating
图 3 在室温和最高温度下实测的两种铝合金自由面速度波剖面
Figure 3. Typical free surface velocity profiles of 2 aluminum alloys measured at room and maximum test temperature
图 4 不同预加温度下两种铝合金的自由面速度剖面
Figure 4. Free surface velocity profiles of 2 aluminum alloys measured by DISAR at different pre-heated temperatures
图 5 归一化雨贡纽弹性极限和层裂强度随归一化温度的变化曲线
Figure 5. Normalized HEL strength and spall strength as a function of temperature for 2024-T4 Al and 7075-T6 Al
图 7 数值模拟得到的两种铝合金的内聚应力-位移曲线
Figure 7. Curves of cohesive stress versus displacement for 2024-T4 Al and 7075-T6 Al in simulation
表 1 实验条件与计算结果
Table 1. Experimental conditions and calculated results
Material T/(K) v/(m/s) ρ/(g/cm3) cb/(m/s) cl/(m/s) σHEL/(MPa) σspall/(MPa) 2024-T4 Al 298 286 2.785 5 326 6 317 1 110 1 560 448 270 2.753 5 340 6 225 685 1 310 548 257 2.728 5 344 6 164 336 940 653 290 2.698 5 349 6 101 214 770 713 292 2.681 5 352 6 068 98 690 7075-T6 Al 298 265 2.804 5 200 6 186 876 1 390 440 280 2.773 5 197 6 107 576 1 180 558 259 2.744 5 197 6 036 447 1 000 633 288 2.723 5 199 5 995 229 830 743 260 2.690 5 206 5 935 24 560 
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表 2 不同温度下两种铝合金材料的本构参数及内聚力模型参数
Table 2. Constitutive and cohesive model paramenters of 2 aluminum alloys at different temperatures
Material T/(K) σy/(MPa) G/(GPa) C/(m/s) S0 γ0 σmax/(MPa) δmf α 2024-T4 Al 298 430 28.6 5 326 1.33 2 1 560 0.20 4 448 320 26.0 5 340 1.33 2 1 310 0.16 4 548 154 24.2 5 344 1.33 2 940 0.19 4 653 92 22.3 5 349 1.33 2 770 0.20 4 713 41 21.3 5 352 1.33 2 690 0.20 4 7075-T6 Al 298 350 26.7 5 200 1.338 2.2 1 390 0.10 4 440 250 24.4 5 197 1.338 2.2 1 180 0.13 4 558 235 22.4 5 197 1.338 2.2 1 000 0.10 4 633 120 21.2 5 199 1.338 2.2 830 0.10 4 743 25 19.4 5 206 1.338 2.2 560 0.36 4
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