Quantify the Errors of Two-Dimensional Technique by Comparing to Three-Dimensional Measurement Method on Evaluating Damage in Shocked Ultrapure Aluminum
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摘要: 采用传统的二维(2D)金相分析方法估算受冲击作用后金属样品中孔洞的空间损伤分布时，通常未对误差进行量化。应用传统的二维金相分析方法和三维(3D)高分辨率X射线断层扫描方法，分别计算了不同受损程度的高纯铝样品中孔洞的空间损伤分布，比较和分析了两种方法的优、缺点，给出了二者之间的相对误差与飞片撞击速度之间的关系。研究结果可为材料损伤的空间分布统计提供有益的参考。Abstract: Traditional two-dimensional (2D) metallographic modeling method is commonly used to evaluate the spatial void distribution in shocked metals.However, its error was not quantified.This paper reports the comparison of 2D method and three-dimensional (3D) high resolution X-ray tomography method on evaluating the spatial void distribution in the shocked ultrapure aluminum with different damage degrees.A regression equation (errors vs.impact velocity) was deduced to quantify the errors and a potential correction can be made based on the equation.Therefore, caution should be exercised when using the results reported by 2D methods in the literature.
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Key words:
- ultrapure aluminum /
- spall /
- damage distribution /
- error /
- three-dimensional X-ray tomography
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图 1 实验测试回收装置原理图
Figure 1. Measurement and soft-recovery configuration of the experiment
图 2 采用2D和3D方法获得的样品Al003b损伤度
Figure 2. Damage distribution obtained by 2D and 3D method for sample Al003b
图 4 2D和3D统计方法之间的相对误差与冲击压力的关系
Figure 4. Relationship of the absolute value of relative error between 2D and 3D method and the shock pressure
图 5 样品Al010b中孔洞的3D分布
Figure 5. 3D void distribution in shock-recovered pure Al sample Al010b
图 6 样品Al006b中孔洞的3D分布
Figure 6. 3D void distribution in shock-recovered pure Al sample Al006b
表 1 实验参数及通过2D和3D方法得到的损伤峰值
Table 1. Experimental parameters and damage (voids) results obtained by 2D and 3D methods
Exp.No. df/(mm) ds/(mm) v/(m/s) tt/(μs) p/(GPa) Dmax, 2D Dmax, 3D δ/(%) |δ|/(%) Al010b 48.0 48.0 149.6 6 1.01 0.040 0.011 264 264 A1022b 38.0 38.0 170.0 6 1.31 0.160 0.267 -40 40 A1006b 48.0 48.0 196.9 6 1.53 0.210 0.274 -23 23 A1007b 48.0 48.0 201.0 6 1.55 0.260 0.367 -29 29 A1005b 48.0 48.0 215.4 6 1.67 0.280 0.317 -12 12 Al003b 48.0 48.0 236.3 6 1.80 0.470 0.400 18 18 Note:Dmax, 2D and Dmax, 3D are the peak damage obtained by 2D and 3D methods, respectively; the relative error δ＝(Dmax, 2D-Dmax, 3D)/Dmax, 3D 
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