气-液-固三相体系云雾爆轰特性的实验研究

王海洋; 解立峰; 饶国宁; 孙晓雄

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.2014.06.005

气-液-固三相体系云雾爆轰特性的实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2014.06.005

南京理工大学，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家青年科学基金(11102091);高等学校博士学科点专项科研博导类基金(20113219110010)

详细信息

作者简介:
王海洋(1988—), 男，博士研究生，主要从事多相流、粉尘爆炸研究.E-mail:610902772@qq.com

通讯作者:
解立峰(1965—), 男，博士，副教授，主要从事爆炸理论及作用、防火防爆工程研究. E-mail:xielifeng319@sina.com

中图分类号: O382.1;O384
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-10-16
- 修回日期: 2012-11-13

Detonation Characteristics of RDX-Liquid Fuel-Air Three-Phase System

Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 在内径为0.2 m、高5.4 m的大型立式激波管内，同时对液体燃料和黑索金(RDX)粉末进行抛撒，采用底部直接起爆，得到了RDX-液体燃料-空气三相体系的爆压和爆速，利用烟熏技术得到了爆轰波的胞格结构、尺寸及长宽比。结果表明：90^#溶剂油-空气两相体系的平均爆压为5~6 MPa，可以将其作为燃料-空气炸药的主燃料；向该燃料中添加硝酸异丙酯(IPN)可以降低其临界起爆能，添加RDX能够提高体系的爆速和爆压。此外，通过理论分析结合实验验证得出，多相爆轰的临界起爆能和爆轰胞格尺寸之间存在与气相爆轰类似的关系。
- 三相爆轰 /
- 燃料-空气炸药 /
- 胞格结构 /
- 临界起爆能 /
- 立式激波管 /
- 直接起爆
Abstract: Liquid fuel and RDX dust were dispersed at the same time in a detonation tube with an inner diameter of 200 mm and length of 5.4 m, and the cloud formed was initiated by high explosive from the bottom.Detonation pressure and velocity were obtained by the pressure measurement system, and photos and detonation cell were got by smoke trace technology.The results indicate that the 90^# solvent oil-air cloud detonation pressure is 5-6 MPa, which means the 90^# solvent oil can be used as a main fuel of fuel-air explosive.By adding isopropyl nitrate (IPN), its critical initiation energy can be lowered, and by adding RDX the detonation pressure and velocity can be raised.The calculation and experimental verification also found a link between the critical initiation energy and detonation cell size of multi-phase detonation which is similar with the gaseous detonation.
- three-phase detonation /
- fuel-air explosive (FAE) /
- detonation cell /
- critical initiation energy /
- vertical shock tube /
- direct initiation

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图 1 实验设备结构图

Figure 1. The structure of experimental device

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图 2 典型压力时间曲线

Figure 2. Typical pressure-time curves

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图 3 三相云雾爆轰时序照片

Figure 3. A series of experimental photos of three-phase cloud detonation

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图 4 不同RDX添加量的RDX-90^#溶剂油体系的爆压随距离变化趋势

Figure 4. Detonation pressure with distance for RDX-90^# solvent oil with various RDX additive amounts

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图 5 不同RDX添加量的RDX-混合溶剂体系的爆压随距离变化趋势

Figure 5. Detonation pressure with distance for RDX-mixed fuel with various RDX additive amounts

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图 6 不同RDX添加量的RDX-90^#溶剂油体系的爆速随距离变化趋势

Figure 6. Detonation velocity with distance for RDX-90^# solvent oil with various RDX additive amounts

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图 7 不同RDX添加量的RDX-混合溶剂体系的爆速随距离变化趋势

Figure 7. Detonation velocity with distance for RDX-mixed fuel with various RDX additive amounts

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图 8 距离起爆点3.15 m处, 爆速随RDX含量的变化趋势

Figure 8. Detonation velocity with the mass fraction of RDX at the distance of 3.15 m

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图 9 PO-空气两相爆燃压力-时间曲线

Figure 9. Deflagration pressure of PO-air with time

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图 10 RDX-PO-空气三相爆压-时间曲线

Figure 10. Detonation pressure of RDX-PO-air with time

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图 11 胞格结构示意图^[13]

Figure 11. Structure of detonation cell^[13]

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图 12 RDX-燃料-空气三相爆轰的典型胞格照片

Figure 12. Photo of RDX- fuel-air detonation cells

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图 13 RDX-90^#溶剂油-空气和RDX-混合溶剂-空气体系爆轰胞格尺寸随RDX质量分数的变化趋势

Figure 13. Detonation cell width with mass fraction of RDX for RDX-90^# solvent oil-air and RDX-mixed fuel-air system

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图 14 RDX-90^#溶剂油-空气和RDX-混合溶剂-空气体系爆轰胞格长宽比随RDX质量分数的变化趋势

Figure 14. L/λ of Detonation cell with mass fraction of RDX for RDX-90^# solvent oil-air and RDX-mixed fuel-air system

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表 1 传感器位置和量程

Table 1. Position and range of pressure sensors

No.	Distance from the detonation point/ (m)	Maximum pressure/ (MPa)
S2	1.4	15.330
S3	1.9	15.270
S4	2.4	6.784
S5	2.9	6.757
S6	3.4	6.220
S7	3.9	6.000

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表 2 90^#溶剂油和IPN的理化性质

Table 2. Physicochemical properties of 90^# solvent oil and IPN

Liquid fuel	Density/ (g/cm³)	Composition	Boiling point/ (℃)	Flash point/ (℃)	Ignition temperature/ (℃)	Upper explosive limit/(%)	Lower explosive limit/(%)
90^# solvents oil	0.65	C₅H₁₂, C₆H₁₄	35-60	13	228	5.9	1.1
IPN	1.04	C₃H₇NO₃	98-102	11	-	100	2

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表 3 临界起爆能实验值与理论值的比较

Table 3. Comparison between experimental and theoretical value of critical initiation energy

Constituents	ρ₀/ (kg/m³)	v_CJ/ (m/s)	λ/ (mm)	Theoretical E_c/(kJ)	Experimental E_c/(kJ)
RDX-90^# solvent oil-air	1.633 2	1 794	24.6	14.279	14.735
RDX-mixed fuel-air	1.659 5	1 808	19.1	6.893	5.945

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