Study on Leakage Model of Gas Blowout and Its Numerical Simulation
-
摘要: 钻井过程的井喷是气田开发中最严重的事故之一,研究气相井喷的泄漏和扩散进而为现场应急提供科学依据,必须首先明确钻井过程中井喷的泄漏源模型。采用流体力学特别是气体动力学理论与计算流体力学技术相结合的方法,分析和模拟了气相井喷的泄漏源模型。通过基于理论分析的数值仿真,得到了气相井喷的温度、静压和马赫数分布等气体动力学参数,仿真结果与理论分析以及相关实验的结论具有很好的一致性。研究表明,钻井过程中气相井喷的泄漏源可以用塞流模型表征,气相井喷可视为欠膨胀射流。Abstract: Blowout is one of the most serious accidents of gas wells during drilling. To investigate leakage and dispersion of gas blowout and to provide scientific guidance for on-site emergency response, it is necessary to identify what model should be used to describe the leakage source. Leakage source model of gas blowout was theoretically analyzed by fluid dynamics and aerodynamics, and was also numerically demonstrated by computational fluid dynamics. Distributions of temperature, static pressure and Mach number were obtained from simulation based on theoretical analysis. These numerical results agree well with both theoretical results and related experimental results done by other researchers. The present study shows that leakage source of gas blowout during drilling stage can be characterized by model of choked flow and gas blowout can be recognized as under-expanded jet flow.
-
Key words:
- well blowout /
- leakage source /
- model /
- simulation /
- choked flow /
- under-expanded jet
-
Wu Q S, Qian X M, Guo Z F. Probability of receptor lethality in blowout of sour gas wells [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2009, 36(5): 641-645. (in Chinese) 吴庆善, 钱新明, 郭再富. 含硫气井井喷事故受体致死概率分析 [J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2009, 36(5): 641-645. Zhu Y, Chen G. Simulation and assessment of SO2 toxic environment after ignition of uncontrolled sour gas flow of well blowout in hills [J]. J Hazard Mater, 2010, 178(1-3): 144-151. Luo Y Y, Jiang Z A, Cai S J, et al. Research on wind tunnel test of hydrogen sulfide diffusion for uncontrolled blowout in gas field [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2008, 18(5): 36-40. (in Chinese) 罗音宇, 蒋仲安, 蔡嗣经, 等. 气田井喷硫化氢风洞模拟试验研究 [J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2008, 18(5): 36-40. Anderson J D. Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective [M]. 3rd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Wilkes J A, Glass C E, Danehy P M, et al. Fluorescence imaging of underexpanded jets and comparison with CFD [R]. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. Hu X Q. Numerical simulation of the multicomponent nature gas diffusion on the high pressure leaking pipeline [D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum, 2006. (in Chinese) 胡夏琦. 含硫化氢高压天然气管道泄漏的数值模拟 [D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2006. Liu P Q. Theory of Free Turbulent Jet [M]. Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2007. (in Chinese) 刘沛清. 自由紊动射流理论 [M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007. McDaniel J, Glass C, Staack D. Experimental and computational comparison of an underexpanded jet flowfield [A]//AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Exhibit, 40th, Reno, NV [C]. US, 2002. Wang Q H, Li Z W, Lei W Z, et al. Simulation of the blowout jet fire temperature field and radiation field based on CFD [J]. Fire Safety Science, 2009, 18(1): 34-38. (in Chinese) 王其华, 李占稳, 雷文章, 等. 基于CFD的井喷失控喷射火温度场和辐射场模拟仿真 [J]. 火灾科学, 2009, 18(1): 34-38. Ai Z J, Wu G W, Wang Q H, et al. Simulative emulation of deflagration in well blow-out based on CFD [J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science Technology Edition), 2009, 31(4): 180-183. (in Chinese) 艾志久, 吴光武, 王其华, 等. 基于CFD的井喷失控爆燃模拟仿真 [J]. 西南石油大学学报, 2009, 31(4): 180-183. Liu Z Y, Zhang Y A, Qian X M, et al. Numerical simulation on available ignition range of well blowout in sour gas field [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(4): 621-624. (in Chinese) 刘振翼, 张应安, 钱新明, 等. 酸性气田井喷点火有效空间范围数字模拟 [J]. 石油学报, 2009, 30(4): 621-624. Liu M S, Huang P, Liu Z Y. Ignition range of natural gas well blowout and its heat radiation effect on circumjacent facilities [J]. Science Technology Review, 2010, (9): 59-62. (in Chinese) 刘墨山, 黄平, 刘振翼. 天然气井喷点火空间范围和热辐射对井场周边设施的影响 [J]. 科技导报, 2010, (9): 59-62. Ai Z J, Wu G W, Wang Q H, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of gas cloud explosion induced by well blowout [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2010, 30(1): 96-100. (in Chinese) 艾志久, 吴光武, 王其华, 等. 井喷失控气云爆炸的三维数值模拟 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2010, 30(1): 96-100. Lian Z H, Zhou Z M, Wang H, et al. Numerical simulation analysis of H2S diffusion in a catastrophic gas blowout accident: A case study of kai County in Chongqing [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, (11): 112-115. (in Chinese) 练章华, 周兆明, 王辉, 等. 特大井喷H2S扩散的数值模拟分析 [J]. 天然气工业, 2009, (11): 112-115. Luo Y Y, Jiang Z A, Xi X J, et al. Research on simulation of jet flow for uncontrolled blowout in gas field based on FLUENT [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2008, 4(3): 30-33. (in Chinese) 罗音宇, 蒋仲安, 席学军, 等. 基于S-A模型的气田井喷失控射流数值模拟的研究 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2008, 4(3): 30-33. Xi X J. Numerical simulation preview on release dispersion of the H2S blowout [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2005, 1(1): 21-25. (in Chinese) 席学军. 关于井喷H2S扩散数值模拟初步研究 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2005, 1(1): 21-25. Hsieh B, Chen T, Tseng C, et al. Case study of estimating gas loss from a producing well blowout [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2010, 70(3-4): 327-333. Li J F, Yao X H, Liu X Q. Kaixian blowout accident simulation and analysis using fluent code [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009, (5): 559-566. (in Chinese) 李剑峰, 姚晓晖, 刘晓琴. 基于Fluent的开县井喷事故后果模拟与分析 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2009, (5): 559-566. Lei W Z, Wu G W, Ai Z J, et al. Research on numerical simulation of flammable vapor cloud diffusion in well blowout [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2008, 4(6): 66-69. (in Chinese) 雷文章, 吴光武, 艾志久, 等. 井喷失控可燃性蒸气云形成数值模拟研究 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2008, 4(6): 66-69. Li Z W, Wang Q H, Lei W Z, et al. Simulate and forecast consequences of the out-of-control gas well fire accident [J]. Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology, 2008, 24(5): 29-31. (in Chinese) 李占稳, 王其华, 雷文章, 等. 井喷失控着火事故后果模拟预测 [J]. 石油化工安全环保技术, 2008, 24(5): 29-31. Liu Z Y, Zhang Y A, Zheng Y P, et al. Flow fields in the blowout of natural gas wells containing carbon dioxide [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(1): 90-96. (in Chinese) 刘振翼, 张应安, 郑远攀, 等. 含CO2天然气井井喷流场特征 [J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(1): 90-96. Crowl D A, Louvar J F. Chemical process safety: Fundamentals with applications [M]. 2nd Ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR, 2001. Zheng Y P. Studies on explosion characteristics and hazards of dispersion of natural gas containing carbon dioxide [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2009. (in Chinese) 郑远攀. 含二氧化碳天然气燃爆特性及扩散危险性研究 [D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2009. Connolly S, Cusco L. Hazards from high pressure carbon dioxide releases during carbon dioxide sequestration processes [A]//12th International Symposium Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries [C]. Edinburgh, Scotland, 2007. Ashkenas H, Sherman F S. The structure and utilization of supersonic free jets in low density wind tunnels [A]//Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Proceedings of the Toronto [C]. Canada, 1964. Bricard P, Friedel L. Two-phase jet dispersion [J]. J Hazard Mater, 1998, 59(2-3): 287-310. Love E S, Grigsby E, Lee L P, et al. Experimental and theoretical studies of axisymmetric free jets, NASA 19980228067 [R]. Hampton: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1959.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 7278
- HTML全文浏览量: 443
- PDF下载量: 456