抗爆型聚脲涂层的性能及其抗爆机理

方志强; 吕平; 张锐; 黄微波; 孙鹏飞; 桑英杰

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210840

抗爆型聚脲涂层的性能及其抗爆机理

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210840

青岛理工大学土木工程学院，山东青岛　266033

详细信息

作者简介:
方志强（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事聚脲涂层防护研究. E-mail：fangzhiqiang1015@163.com

通讯作者:
吕　平（1964－），女，博士，教授，主要从事新型功能材料研究. E-mail：13964222593@163.com

中图分类号: O383.2; TB34
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-05
- 修回日期: 2021-08-11

Blast-Resistant Properties and Mechanism of Anti-Explosion Polyurea Coating

School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要: 通过广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热法实验、扫描电子显微镜以及聚脲喷涂钢筋混凝土板的接触爆炸实验，研究了Qtech T26抗爆型聚脲（T26聚脲）的力学强度、分子结构及热性能，分析了有无涂层钢筋混凝土板的宏观形貌及涂层的微观形貌，考察了T26聚脲喷涂钢筋混凝土板的抗爆能力和防护机理。结果表明：T26聚脲的拉伸强度达到25.4 MPa，断裂伸长率为451.9%；其分子链中软段与硬段之间排列有序，微晶区结晶度为24.11%；软段玻璃化转变温度为−44.9 ℃，硬段玻璃化转变温度为36.5 ℃，呈现出一定的微相分离形态。爆炸实验后，无涂层钢筋混凝土板的迎爆面出现较大凹坑，背爆面被震塌，混凝土破碎；而对于有涂层的钢筋混凝土板，其迎爆面出现较小凹坑，迎爆面涂层除了因瞬间高温而导致的聚脲软化外，爆炸反射波的稀疏拉伸作用使聚脲材料发生破坏，聚脲涂层被撕裂，而背爆面则由于聚脲涂层削弱了稀疏拉伸波的作用，从而保护混凝土材料不被破碎，避免爆炸碎片飞溅。
- 抗爆聚脲涂层 /
- 力学性能 /
- 爆炸实验 /
- 宏观及微观形貌 /
- 热性能
Abstract: The mechanical strength, molecular structure and thermal properties of Qtech T26 anti-explosion polyurea (T26 polyurea) were studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contact explosion experiment of polyurea coated reinforced concrete plate. The blast-resistant properties and protection mechanism of T26 polyurea coated reinforced concrete plate were investigated based on analyses of the macro morphology of reinforced concrete plate with or without coating and the micro morphology of coating. The results show that the tensile strength of T26 polyurea is 25.4 MPa and the elongation at break is 451.9%; the soft and hard segments of the molecular chain are arranged orderly, and the crystallinity of the microcrystalline region is 24.11%; the glass transition temperature of soft segment and hard segment was −44.9 ℃ and 36.5 ℃, respectively. After the explosion experiments, the uncoated reinforced concrete plate had a large pit on the contact blast face. The backburst surface appeared explosion earthquake collapse and fracture. The reinforced concrete plate with coating had a smaller pit on the contact blast face besides the softening of polyurea caused by the instantaneous high temperature. Moreover, the sparse tensile wave of the explosion reflection caused the damage of polyurea material, leading to the tearing of the coating material. As for the backburst surface coating, the polyurea coating weakened the effect of the explosion impact tensile wave, thus protecting the concrete material from breaking and preventing the explosion debris from splashing.
- blast-resistant polyurea coating /
- mechanical property /
- blast experiment /
- macro and micro morphology /
- thermal performance

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图 1 哑铃形试样示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the dumbbell type sample

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图 2 差示扫描量热仪图像

Figure 2. Image of differential scanning calorimeter

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图 3 准静态下T26聚脲的应力-应变曲线及试件结构

Figure 3. Stress-strain curve of T26 polyurea under quasi-static loading and the specimen structure

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图 4 T26聚脲的WXRD谱及分峰处理结果

Figure 4. T26 polyurea WXRD pattern and peak processing curve

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图 5 T26聚脲玻璃化转变温度

Figure 5. Glass transition temperature of T26 polyurea

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图 6 T26聚脲在高温区的DSC曲线

Figure 6. DSC curve of T26 polyurea in high temperature range

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图 7 钢筋混凝土板结构示意图

Figure 7. Schematic of reinforced concrete plate structure

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图 8 爆炸实验装置示意图

Figure 8. Schematic of blast experiment device

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图 9 涂层的不同爆炸区域划分

Figure 9. Different explosion zones of coatings

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图 10 无涂层钢筋混凝土板的破坏形貌

Figure 10. Failure morphology of uncoated reinforced concrete plate

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图 11 有涂层钢筋混凝土板的破坏形貌

Figure 11. Failure morphology of coated reinforced concrete slab

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图 12 爆炸后T26聚脲涂层的微观形貌

Figure 12. Micromorphology of T26 polyurea coating after explosion

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表 1 T26聚脲与其他聚脲材料的物理性能对比

Table 1. Physical properties comparison of T26 polyurea with other polyureas

Material	Density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Elastic modulus/ MPa	Tensile strength/ MPa	Peel strength/ (N·mm⁻¹)	Breaking elongation/ %
T26	0.977	84.05	25.4	75.5	451.9
T1^[13]	1.020		19.2		391.7
T2^[17]	1.02−1.07		18.0		350.0
Note: (1) T1 is energy absorbing polyurea for strengthening masonry wall explosion test; 　　 (2) T2 is common polyurea for explosion test of reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete plate.

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表 2 T26聚脲的WXRD分峰处理结果

Table 2. WXRD peak separation results of T26 polyurea

Specimen	Peak position/(°)		Peak area		Crystallinity/%
Specimen	Amorphous region	Microcrystalline domain	Amorphous region	Microcrystalline domain	Crystallinity/%
T26	20.52	38.16	24042.85	7638.57	24.11

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表 3 宏观形貌分析方法

Table 3. Analysis method of macroscopic morphology

Exp. condition	Coating	Coating thickness/mm	Failure plane	Macroscopic morphology comparison
1	None	0	Contact blast face	Failure mode and diameter
1	None	0	Back burst face	Failure mode and diameter
2	T26	10	Contact blast face	Failure mode and diameter
2	T26	10	Back burst face	Failure mode and diameter

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表 4 有无涂层板的破坏结果对比

Table 4. Comparison of failure results of coated plates with uncoated plates

Plate	Damage diameter			Failure depth or bulge height
Plate	Uncoating/cm	Coating/cm	Error/%	Uncoating/cm	Coating/cm	Error/%
Blast side	41.0	24.5	40.24	60.0	0	100
Rear side	11.2	9.4	16.07	5.0	0	100
Debris situation	More and wide dispersion range	Less and more concentrated in pits		Larger, larger splash range	No debris

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