内部爆炸载荷作用下砌体墙结构的失效规律

曹宇航; 张晓伟; 张庆明

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210810

内部爆炸载荷作用下砌体墙结构的失效规律

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210810

北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京　100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2016YFC0801204）

详细信息

作者简介:
曹宇航（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事毁伤防护与技术研究. E-mail：yanxiu153@qq.com

通讯作者:
张晓伟（1982－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事冲击动力学、毁伤与防护技术研究.E-mail：mezhangxw@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-10
- 修回日期: 2021-07-07

Failure Characteristics of Masonry Wall under Internal Explosion

State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为了探究钢筋混凝土框架-砌体墙建筑物的内爆毁伤效应，开展了内爆载荷下砌体墙结构动力响应和失效规律研究。采用数值模拟方法，并结合理论分析，研究了不同当量内爆载荷下砌体墙的失效机理以及失效形式转化过程。结果表明，小药量内部爆炸时，砌体墙的主要失效形式为弯曲导致的墙面开裂。随着药量增加，墙体边界在首道冲击波反射超压作用下发生以剪切变形为主导的失效。而在大药量条件下，首道冲击波超压使砌体墙材料达到极限抗压强度而发生压溃失效。研究结果可为砌体墙结构毁伤评估与防护设计提供技术参考。
- 钢筋混凝土 /
- 砌体墙 /
- 内部爆炸载荷 /
- 失效模式 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: In order to investigate the internal explosion damage effect of reinforced concrete frame-masonry wall, the dynamic response and failure characteristics of masonry walls under internal explosion were studied. Based on numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the failure mechanism and failure transformation process of masonry wall under internal explosion with different TNT equivalence were analyzed. The results showed that under internal explosive with small mass of explosive, the failure of the masonry wall is mainly due to bending effect. With the increase of the mass of explosive, the failure dominated by shear deformation will happen due to the reflection of the first shock wave. For the cases with larger mass of explosive, compressive failure occurs because the overpressure of the first shock wave reaches the ultimate compressive strength of masonry wall. The research results can provide technical reference for explosive damage evaluation and protection design of masonry wall structures.
- reinforced concrete /
- masonry wall /
- internal explosion /
- failure mode /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 单个房间内部爆炸有限元模型

Figure 1. Finite element model of a single room under internal explosion

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图 2 砌体墙的材料模型

Figure 2. Material models for the masonry wall

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图 3 文献[15]中的实验装置示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of experiment device in Ref.[15]

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图 4 实验砌体墙及有限元模型

Figure 4. Masonry walls for experiment and finite element model

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图 5 墙体破坏范围对比

Figure 5. Comparison of masonry wall failure range

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图 6 房间中部剖面压力云图

Figure 6. Pressure distribution at the middle cross-section of room

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图 7 墙面壁面压力峰值分布

Figure 7. Peak pressure distribution of t wall surface

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图 8 墙面中心壁面压力时程曲线

Figure 8. Pressure history curves at the center of the wall

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图 9 典型砌体墙开裂形式^[7]

Figure 9. Typical cracking modes of masonry wall^[7]

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图 10 竖向裂缝示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vertical cracking

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图 11 水平裂缝示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of horizontal cracking

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图 12 斜向裂缝示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of diagonal cracking

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图 13 双向固支砌体墙裂缝分布

Figure 13. Crack distribution of masonry wall with two-way fixed support

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图 14 横向载荷p与斜向裂缝角度θ的关系曲线

Figure 14. Relationship between lateral load p and diagonal cracking angle $\theta $

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图 15 6 kg TNT药量下砌体墙的失效过程

Figure 15. Failure process of masonry wall with 6 kg TNT explosion

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图 16 弯曲主导的失效模式中不同药量下墙体的失效特征（上图为开裂形式，下图为速度分布）

Figure 16. Failure characteristics of the wall dominated by bending (Upper figures correspond to cracking form, and lower figures correspond to velocity distribution.)

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图 17 50 kg TNT药量下墙体的毁伤过程（1/4模型）

Figure 17. Damage process of wall with 50 kg TNT (1/4 model)

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图 18 不同药量下墙体中心水平轴线速度分布（40 ms）

Figure 18. Velocity distribution at the center horizontal axis of the wall with different TNT equivalence (40 ms)

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图 19 100 kg TNT药量下中心水平轴线不同位置的超压曲线

Figure 19. Overpressure curves at different locations of the center horizontal axis of the wall with 100 kg TNT

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图 20 100 kg TNT药量下墙体的毁伤过程（1/4模型）

Figure 20. Damage process of the wall with 100 kg TNT (1/4 model)

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图 21 100 kg TNT药量下墙体中心水平轴线速度分布（40 ms）

Figure 21. Velocity distribution at the center horizontal axis of the wall with 100 kg TNT equivalence (40 ms)

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表 1 砖块和砂浆的基本材料参数^[10-12]

Table 1. Basic material parameters of brick and mortar^[10-12]

Material	p-$\alpha $ equation of state					RHT strength model
Material	$\,\rho $₀/(kg·m⁻³)	$\alpha_0$	N	p_el/MPa	p_comp/GPa	E/GPa	ν	f_c/MPa	f_t/ f_c	f_v/ f_c
Mortar	2100	1.33	3	2.4	2.5	1.44	0.20	7.2	0.08	0.15
Brick	1800	1.33	3	5.2	2.5	4.71	0.12	15.7	0.10	0.18

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表 2 空气材料参数^[13]

Table 2. Material parameters of air^[13]

$\,\rho $/(kg·m⁻³)	T/K	c/(kJ·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
1.225	288.2	0.718

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表 3 TNT材料参数^[13]

Table 3. Material parameters of TNT^[13]

$\,\rho $/(kg·m⁻³)	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	$\omega $	E_m0/(kJ·m⁻³)
1630	373.8	3.75	4.15	0.9	0.35	6.0 × 10⁶

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表 4 数值模拟结果与实验数据对比

Table 4. Comparison of numerical simulation results and experimental data

Method	Peak overpressure of shock wave/MPa
Method	2 m	6 m	10 m	16 m	20 m	28 m	36 m
Experiment^[16]	7.684	1.624	1.057	0.721	0.605	0.467	0.387
Numerical simulation	6.755	1.430	0.969	0.751	0.613	0.457	0.368
Relative error/%	−12.10	−11.90	−8.33	4.16	1.32	−2.14	−4.91

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