新型结构炮口制退器的膛口冲击波数值研究与性能分析

余海伟; 袁军堂; 汪振华; 葛苗冉; 罗跃

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200568

新型结构炮口制退器的膛口冲击波数值研究与性能分析

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200568

南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京　210094

基金项目: 国防预研联合基金（6141B0104-2）

详细信息

作者简介:
余海伟（1990－），男，博士研究生，主要从事流体仿真与轻量化研究. E-mail：heoiwee@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
袁军堂（1962－），男，博士，教授，主要从事先进加工工艺与装备研究. E-mail：mc106@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.5; TJ303.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-12
- 修回日期: 2020-07-03

Muzzle Blast Wave Investigation and Performance Analysis of New-Structure Muzzle Brake Based on Numerical Simulation

School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 面向炮口制退器综合性能设计需求，基于增材制造技术优势，提出了一种叠加冲击式内壁与反作用式外孔特征的新型小口径轻金属炮口制退器方案。基于三维无黏Euler方程，建立了后效期火药气体排空过程的有限元仿真模型，通过膛口流场仿真与流固耦合分析，研究了膛口流场发展、膛口冲击波与超压分布特征、制退器效率与其强度性能。结果表明：相比于传统结构，采用同种轻质钛合金材料的新型制退器具有较高的制退效率，对于机载平台具有较优的膛口超压分布特征和低冲击波危害效应，并且结构强度满足使用要求。
- 炮口制退器 /
- 增材制造 /
- 膛口冲击波 /
- 超压
Abstract: Taking advantages of the additive manufacturing technology, our work proposes a new small-caliber light metal gun muzzle brake scheme with an impact-type inner wall and reaction-type outer hole feature. On the basis of the finite element simulation model of the after-effective period gunpowder gas evacuation, which was established by means of the three-dimensional non-viscous Euler equation, the muzzle flow field was simulated, the fluid-solid interaction was analyzed, and then the development of muzzle flow field, the characteristics of the muzzle blast wave and overpressure distribution, as well as the efficiency of the muzzle brake and its strength performance were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the traditional structure, the new muzzle brake with the same kind of lightweight titanium alloy material has a higher recoil efficiency, being characteristic of better muzzle overpressure distribution and lower shock wave hazard benefit for the airborne platform. Additionally, its structural strength can meet the operating requirements.
- muzzle brake /
- additive manufacturing /
- muzzle blast wave /
- overpressure

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图 1 新型结构炮口制退器

Figure 1. New-structure muzzle brake

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图 2 冲击式炮口制退器

Figure 2. Impulsive type muzzle brake

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图 3 轴向截面膛口压力云图

Figure 3. Pressure nephogram at axial plane

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图 4 径向截面膛口压力云图

Figure 4. Pressure nephogramat at radial cross section

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图 5 膛口流场速度矢量图

Figure 5. Velocity vector diagram of muzzle flow field

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图 6 不同时刻炮轴中心线压力分布曲线

Figure 6. Pressure distributions along central axis of gun at different moments

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图 7 不同时刻侧孔径向轴线压力分布曲线

Figure 7. Pressure distributions along radial axis of side holes at different moments

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图 8 膛口流场超压监测点阵

Figure 8. Overpressure monitoring points of muzzle flow filed

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图 9 膛口超压峰值分布对比

Figure 9. Comparison of overpressure peak distribution

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图 10 制退器腔内压力监测点

Figure 10. Monitoring points inside muzzle brake

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图 11 腔内各点压力随时间变化

Figure 11. Variation of overpressure inside muzzle brake with time

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图 12 后效期初期制退器受力曲线

Figure 12. Curve of muzzle brake force in the early gas ejection period

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图 13 膛底、制退器及总受力曲线

Figure 13. Curves of chamber bottom force, muzzle brake force and total thrust

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图 14 制退器结构的等效应力随时间变化曲线

Figure 14. Variation of equivalent stress with time of muzzle brake

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图 15 制退器结构的变形随时间变化曲线

Figure 15. Variation of deformation with time of muzzle brake

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图 16 0.25 ms时制退器结构的等效应力云图

Figure 16. Equivalent stress distribution of the muzzle brake at 0.25 ms

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图 17 1.10 ms时制退器结构的变形云图

Figure 17. Deformation distribution of the muzzle brake at 1.10 ms

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表 1 新型炮口制退器结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of new-structure muzzle brake

Structure	Backward angle/(°)	Area/mm²
Inner side hole 1	5	392.96
Inner side hole 2	10	470.34
Inner side hole 3	10	392.96
Outer side hole	0	78.50
Front hole		146.54

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表 2 3D打印钛合金材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of titanium alloy

Material	Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Young’s modulus/GPa	Yield strength/MPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Poisson’s ratio
TC4	4.43	118	944	1058	0.3

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表 3 不同制退器的超压峰值监测结果

Table 3. Overpressure peak values of different muzzle brakes

Monitor point	Overpressure peak/kPa			Δ_new/kPa	Δ_impact/kPa
Monitor point	Smooth muzzle	New-structure muzzle brake	Impact muzzle brake	Δ_new/kPa	Δ_impact/kPa
P₀₁	117.84	362.54	200.83	244.70	82.99
P₀₂	46.31	65.46	53.20	19.15	6.89
P₁₁	83.80	79.03	44.58	−4.76	−39.21
P₁₂	28.07	23.61	19.56	−4.46	−8.51
P₂₁	48.84	29.28	30.90	−19.56	−17.93
P₂₂	19.76	11.45	15.40	−8.31	−4.36
P₃₁	22.29	18.85	50.87	−3.45	28.57
P₃₂	10.54	6.99	15.30	−3.55	4.76
P₄₁	28.27	26.45	41.75	−1.82	13.48
P₄₂	11.55	9.54	9.73	−2.01	−1.82
P₅₁	34.75	44.68	40.09	9.93	5.34
P₅₂	15.71	14.79	13.58	−0.91	−2.13

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表 4 制退器效率对比

Table 4. Comparison of efficiency for different muzzle brakes

Structure	M/kg	I/(N·s)	v/(m·s⁻¹)	v_max/(m·s⁻¹)	E/J	$\eta $/%
Smooth muzzle	7.09	−123.68	−47.00	−64.45	14719.0
New-structure muzzle brake	8.37	−29.40	−40.23	−43.74	8003.2	45.62
Impact muzzle brake	8.10	−26.15	−41.47	−44.70	8091.3	45.03

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