静态超高压下氢的晶体结构实验研究

吉诚 李冰 杨文革 毛河光

吉诚, 李冰, 杨文革, 毛河光. 静态超高压下氢的晶体结构实验研究[J]. 高压物理学报, 2020, 34(2): 020101. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200520
引用本文: 吉诚, 李冰, 杨文革, 毛河光. 静态超高压下氢的晶体结构实验研究[J]. 高压物理学报, 2020, 34(2): 020101. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200520
JI Cheng, LI Bing, YANG Wenge, MAO Ho-kwang. Crystallographic Studies of Ultra-dense Solid Hydrogen[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2020, 34(2): 020101. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200520
Citation: JI Cheng, LI Bing, YANG Wenge, MAO Ho-kwang. Crystallographic Studies of Ultra-dense Solid Hydrogen[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2020, 34(2): 020101. doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200520

静态超高压下氢的晶体结构实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200520
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(U1930401)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吉 诚(1985-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事基于超高压实验方法的凝聚态物理研究. E-mail: cheng.ji@hpstar.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    毛河光(1941-),博士,研究员,主要从事物理、地学、化学、材料学等多学科的高压科学研究. E-mail: maohk@hpstar.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: O521.3;O521.2

Crystallographic Studies of Ultra-dense Solid Hydrogen

  • 摘要: 在极端条件下,固态氢会经历一系列相变,理论预测其在足够高的压力下会演变为金属。由于金属氢被预测具有室温超导和超流等特性,其研究受到了学界的极大关注。然而,研究金属氢存在巨大的技术挑战:一方面,达到氢金属化的压力条件极为苛刻,至今对冷压下是否已制备出金属氢仍未达成共识;另一方面,超高压下氢的精确表征十分困难,特别是表征固态氢晶体结构的技术手段更是严重滞后。晶体结构作为了解一种材料的最基本信息,对其认知的匮乏阻碍了理解氢在高压下如何逐步演化为金属氢的过程。为此,着眼于超高压氢的晶体结构测量,发展了一套先进同步辐射X射线衍射方法,在室温下将氢的晶体结构测量扩展至254 GPa,将相关压力记录提高了一倍。介绍了相关的技术突破,探讨了在超高压下对氢进行晶体结构测量的方法以及存在的问题,以期为在更高压力条件下测量氢的结构信息做好铺垫。

     

  • 图  氢的高压相图[52229-30]

    Figure  1.  Phase diagram of hydrogen[522,29-30]

    图  微小氢样品的X射线衍射图: (a) Re封垫,直径3 μm;(b)Re-MgO复合封垫,直径6 μm

    Figure  2.  XRD backgrounds from hydrogen DAC samples with Re gasket (a) and composite gasket with Re outskirt and MgO insert (b), respectively(The diameters of hydrogen samples in (a) and (b) are 3 μm and 6 μm, respectively.)

    图  金刚石对顶砧产生的康普顿散射背底

    Figure  3.  Compton scattering background from diamond anvils

    图  300 nm聚焦光束、MCC采集X射线衍射数据结果:(a)MarCCD165探测器采集数据,(b)Pilatus1M探测器采集数据,(c)不同实验条件的摇摆曲线对比,(d)X射线衍射对比度成像结果(左图为二维扫描采集的样品X射线衍射对比度成像,灰色代表氧化镁衍射峰,橙色代表金的衍射峰,白色区域为氢;右图为氢晶粒的X射线衍射对比度成像,红色代表氢的衍射峰强弱)

    Figure  4.  XRD data collected by using 300 nm X-ray beam and MCC:MarCCD165 and Pilatus 1M were used in (a) and (b),respectively;Comparison of rocking curves in different experimental conditions (c);XRD contrast imaging(Two dimensional XRD contrast imaging of a sample(left)and a crystal grain of hydrogen(right). Left:grey, orange, and white represent the XRD peak intensity from MgO, Au, and hydrogen, respectively. Right:darker red color represents stronger XRD signal.)(d)

    图  不同X射线衍射工作中氢的状态方程数据(插图为局部放大)

    Figure  5.  Comparison of equation of state data of hydrogen from literatures (Inset shows a magnified figure.)

    图  氧化镁压标和d100压标对比(a),不同压标与d100压标的相对偏差(b)

    Figure  6.  Comparison of MgO scale with d100 scale (a), comparison of three other pressure scales to the d100 scale in relative difference(b)

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