具有梯度型刚度折叠收缩管的吸能性能

陈伟东; 门恒; 田晓耕

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190873

具有梯度型刚度折叠收缩管的吸能性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190873

西安交通大学机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室，陕西西安　710049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11732007）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈伟东（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事折叠结构的吸能特性研究. E-mail：chen_weidong04@163.com

通讯作者:
田晓耕（1967－），男，博士，教授，主要从事超轻结构吸能及优化、非经典热弹理论研究. E-mail：tiansu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347; TB124
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-26
- 修回日期: 2020-01-20

Energy Absorption of Folded Shrink Tubes with Gradient Stiffness

State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 薄壁管是一种常见的吸能结构，在薄壁管中引入折纹可以诱导薄壁管发生变形，有效降低薄壁管屈曲的初始峰值力并提高其能量吸收。目前，大部分折纹管受到轴向压缩时，初始峰值力后的压溃力下降显著，降低了折纹管的吸能性能。为有效提高折纹管的吸能性能，并降低折纹管的初始峰值力，在方管中引入不同形式的折纹得到折叠收缩管，利用ABAQUS/Explicit模拟设计折叠收缩管的准静态压缩，得到其变形及力与位移曲线。结果显示，与传统方管和菱形折纹管相比，折叠收缩管的初始峰值力显著降低，且压溃力随着压缩距离的增加呈梯度上升趋势，大幅提升了薄壁管的能量吸收性能。另外，系统研究了折叠收缩管的几何参数对其性能的影响，获得了性能优异的折纹管。
- 折纹管 /
- 能量吸收 /
- 准静态压缩 /
- 有限元 /
- 梯度型刚度
Abstract: Thin-walled tube is a common energy-absorbing structure. The introduction of folds in thin-walled tube can induce the deformation of thin-walled tube, reduce the initial peak force of buckling of thin-walled tube and improve the energy absorption of thin-walled tube effectively. At present, when the folded tubes subjects to axial compression, the crushing force decreases significantly after the initial peak force, which lowers the energy absorption performance of folded tubes. In order to further reduce the initial peak force and increase the total energy absorbed of the folded tube, different forms of folded tube are introduced into the square tube to obtain a folded shrink tube. The relation between force and displacement and deformation of the designed folded tube under the quasi-static compression is obtained by using ABAQUS/Explicit. The results show that the collapse force of the folded shrink tube is in the form of a gradient during the compression process. Compared with traditional square tube and diamond tube, the folded shrink tube not only has lower initial peak force, but also can greatly improve the total energy absorption. The influence of geometric parameters on the performance of the folded tube was studied systematically. The best performance folded shrink tubes were obtained.
- folded tube /
- energy absorption /
- quasi-static compression /
- finite element /
- gradient stiffness

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图 1 部分折叠收缩管结构

Figure 1. Partial structure of folded shrink tube part

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图 2 折纹管压缩示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of folded tube compression

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图 3 折纹管材的应力-应变曲线

Figure 3. Material engineering stress–strain curve

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图 4 准静态压缩下方管和菱形管的变形模式

Figure 4. Deformation modes of square and folded tube under quasi-static compression

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图 5 准静态压缩下方管和菱形管的力-位移曲线

Figure 5. Force and displacement curves of square and folded tube under quasi-static compression

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图 6 折叠收缩管的变形过程

Figure 6. Deformation of folded shrink tube

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图 7 折叠收缩管的力-位移曲线

Figure 7. Force-displacement curves of the folded shrink tube

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图 8 两端结构不同的折叠收缩管的力-位移曲线

Figure 8. Force-displacement curves of the folded tubes with different structures at both ends

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图 9 连接结构不同的折叠收缩管力-位移曲线

Figure 9. Force-displacement curves of the folded tubes with different connection structures

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图 10 不同边长和壁厚时折叠收缩管的力-位移曲线

Figure 10. Force-displacement curves of folded shrink tubes with different edge length and wall thickness

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表 1 折纹管边长与壁厚的对应关系

Table 1. The corresponding relationship between the edge length and the wall thickness of the folded tube

b/mm	t/mm	b/t
40	1.500	26.667
50	1.200	41.667
60	1.000	60.000
70	0.857	81.667
80	0.750	106.667

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表 2 折纹管准静态压缩模拟结果

Table 2. Quasi-static compression simulation results of folded tube

Thin walled tube	p_Imax/kN	p_Im/kN	W_I/J	p_IImax/kN	p_IIm/kN	W_II/J	p_max/kN	p_m/kN
C	35.59	11.53					35.59	11.53
S	23.88	18.11					25.32	18.11
C60-25.10.4-0	14.58	11.97	707.97	20.83	20.03	60.42	78.61	17.03
C60-30.0.3-0	15.35	13.26	512.72	31.36	24.63	616.35	31.36	18.40
C60-30.10.2-0	17.04	15.34	343.05	29.36	20.49	814.84	29.36	19.08
C60-30.10.3-0	14.61	12.99	404.03	32.27	22.78	709.73	32.27	18.58
C60-30.10.4-0	13.06	11.74	476.68	28.00	22.86	465.76	39.22	17.22
C60-30.20.3-0	14.11	12.96	323.85	35.69	21.68	776.22	35.69	18.75
C60-30.30.3-0	14.04	13.32	272.32	37.71	21.62	841.07	37.71	19.33
C60-35.10.4-0	12.43	11.69	337.39	25.64	21.76	603.20	28.72	18.22
S60-25.10.4-8	14.29	12.92	564.39	26.75	19.45	241.65	66.02	20.30
S60-30.0.3-8	15.29	13.60	563.69	27.28	23.58	464.36	30.00	18.09
S60-30.10.2-8	16.74	15.38	399.16	27.90	23.16	951.44	27.90	20.17
S60-30.10.3-8	14.56	13.30	446.63	27.77	23.34	709.25	27.77	18.65
S60-30.10.4-4	12.91	11.75	487.19	25.71	22.00	429.76	30.57	16.43
S60-30.10.4-8	13.02	11.99	506.97	24.96	21.91	390.70	30.78	16.41
S60-30.10.4-12	13.33	12.27	529.43	24.03	21.85	390.04	35.75	16.55
S60-30.10.4-16	13.54	12.44	547.42	24.45	22.26	462.71	38.48	16.34
S60-30.10.4-20	13.71	12.62	565.27	24.73	21.60	465.27	65.57	16.37
S60-30.20.3-8	14.08	13.19	357.51	30.54	22.70	861.02	30.54	18.95
S60-30.30.3-4	13.96	13.26	281.14	37.35	22.36	918.41	37.35	19.86
S60-30.30.3-8	14.01	13.42	294.32	28.17	22.19	941.43	30.39	19.46
S60-30.30.3-12	14.11	13.62	308.95	27.67	21.66	874.31	31.54	19.24
S60-30.30.3-16	14.48	13.83	331.41	26.98	21.25	746.88	33.44	19.55
S60-30.30.3-20	14.96	14.15	335.61	25.92	21.36	801.94	45.15	19.70
S60-35.10.4-8	12.47	11.83	345.92	27.42	22.45	760.73	27.42	17.89
H60-25.10.4-16	15.02	13.02	786.99	102.41	61.20	519.62	102.41	18.95
H60-30.0.3-16	15.89	13.74	556.07	37.15	29.12	830.22	37.15	20.10
H60-30.10.2-16	17.34	15.76	375.59	43.81	25.51	1149.31	43.81	22.14
H60-30.10.3-16	15.13	13.46	437.65	36.16	23.75	973.23	36.16	20.48
H60-30.10.4-8	13.45	11.98	495.54	39.01	27.82	767.19	39.01	18.32
H60-30.10.4-16	13.58	12.16	499.77	39.60	30.27	844.33	39.60	19.48
H60-30.10.4-24	13.69	12.41	517.13	44.85	32.16	804.22	60.97	20.89
H60-30.10.4-32	13.84	12.65	538.25	48.49	32.33	759.05	74.90	21.46
H60-30.10.4-40	14.09	12.85	557.04	35.21	28.13	420.96	78.53	21.89
H60-30.20.3-16	14.47	13.37	350.06	36.01	25.12	1075.92	36.01	20.68
H60-30.30.3-8	14.29	13.33	270.28	36.43	23.48	1097.22	36.43	20.37
H60-30.30.3-16	14.31	13.62	286.54	44.67	25.14	1195.94	44.67	21.59
H60-30.30.3-24	14.53	13.85	291.37	46.29	26.56	1271.32	46.29	22.68
H60-30.30.3-32	14.83	14.11	307.12	43.27	27.79	1233.83	43.27	23.61
H60-30.30.3-40	15.20	14.32	311.18	42.98	26.57	1221.30	42.98	22.59
H60-35.10.4-16	12.78	12.01	352.43	31.25	25.85	1013.33	31.25	19.94

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表 3 折纹管吸能性能对比

Table 3. Comparison of energy absorption performance of folded tubes

	Relative to tube C/%				Relative to tube S/%
	$\delta $_Imax	$\delta $_Im	$\delta $_max	$\delta $_m	$\delta $_Imax	$\delta $_m
C60-35.10.4-0	−65.07	1.39	−19.30	58.02	−47.95	0.61
S60-30.30.3-8	−60.64	16.39	−14.61	68.78	−41.33	7.45
H60-30.30.3-32	−58.33	22.38	21.58	104.77	−37.90	30.37

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表 4 连接结构参数改变

Table 4. Connection structure parameters change

Group No.	α₁/(°)	θ₁/(°)	x₁/mm
1	25	10	4
	30	10	4
	35	10	4
2	30	0	3
	30	10	3
	30	20	3
	30	30	3
3	30	10	2
	30	10	3
	30	10	4

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