石英玻璃球撞击刚性壁的破碎过程

方继松; 王珠; 熊迅; 郑宇轩; 周风华

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20190764

石英玻璃球撞击刚性壁的破碎过程

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20190764

宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波　315211

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11390361）

详细信息

作者简介:
方继松（1993－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail: 2633186318@qq.com

通讯作者:
周风华（1964－），男，博士，研究员，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail: zhoufenghua@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-23
- 修回日期: 2019-05-15
- 发布日期: 2019-09-25

Fragmentation Process of Quartz Glass Spheres Impacting Rigid Wall

MOE Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 利用高速枪对石英玻璃球撞击刚性靶板进行了实验研究，分析了不同速度下球体的破碎过程和失效模式。当冲击速度低于临界破坏速度时，石英玻璃球以略低于原速从靶板回弹；当超过临界破坏速度时，球体呈现“压缩破碎区－表面剥落区－剪切破坏区”的破坏结构；进一步提高碰撞速度，剪切破坏区的扩展导致球体碎裂为若干“月牙状”的碎块；更高撞击速度下，石英玻璃球发生坍塌式破碎，在远离撞击端处产生层裂现象。利用离散元软件对球体的撞击破坏过程进行了模拟研究，球体在高速碰撞下的破碎可以分为弹性压缩、整体破碎和二次撞击3个阶段。球体碎裂前Hertz接触理论可以较好描述其撞击力，而破碎后的撞击力由于碎裂卸载远小于理论值，且偏差随冲击速度逐渐增加。
- 石英玻璃 /
- 碎裂 /
- 层裂 /
- 离散元
Abstract: The high-speed gun is used to study the impact of quartz glass ball on rigid target plate. The crushing process and failure mode of the ball at different speeds are analyzed. When the impact velocity is lower than the critical failure velocity, the quartz glass ball rebounds from the target plate, and the rebounding speed is slightly below the original speed; when the critical speed is exceeded, the sphere exhibits a “compressed fracture zone–surface spalling zone–shear failure zone” failure structure; further increasing the collision velocity, the expansion of the shear failure zone causes the sphere to be fragmented into several “crescent” fragments. At higher impact speeds, the quartz glass ball collapses and spalls at a distance away from the impact end. Furthermore, the discrete element software is utilized to simulate the impact damage process of the sphere. The crushing of the sphere under high-speed collision can be divided into three stages: elastic compression, integral crushing, secondary impact. Before the ball breaks, the Hertz contact theory can describe its impact force well, but the crushing force is much smaller than the theoretical value due to the fracture unloading, and the deviation gradually increases with the increasing impact speed.
- quartz glass /
- fragmentation /
- spallation /
- discrete element method

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of experimental device

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图 2 临界速度以下碰撞前（a）、后（b）球体形貌

Figure 2. Sphere before (a) and after (b) impact under critical velocity

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图 3 石英玻璃球撞击刚性壁典型的破碎过程

Figure 3. Typical fracture process of sphere impact rigid wall

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图 4 不同撞击速度下球体的破碎形貌

Figure 4. Shape of spheres under different impact velocities

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图 5 不同冲击速度下碎片回收形貌

Figure 5. Shape of the fragments at different impact velocities

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图 6 78 m/s冲击速度下石英玻璃球的破碎过程

Figure 6. Fragmentation process of quartz glass sphere at 78 m/s

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图 7 球体速度、所受载荷和内部裂纹随时间变化曲线

Figure 7. Sphere velocity, impact force and internal crack versus time

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图 8 不同冲击速度下球体速度-时间曲线

Figure 8. Velocity-time curves at different impact velocities

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图 9 不同冲击速度下球体所受载荷

Figure 9. Impact forces of spheres under different impact velocities

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图 10 模拟撞击力与Hertz接触理论对比

Figure 10. Comparison of simulated impact forces with Hertz contact theory

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表 1 石英玻璃离散元模型的主要微观参数

Table 1. Main microscopic parameters of discrete element mode of quartz glass

Effective modulus of linear contact/GPa	Normal to shear stiffness ratio of linear contact	Porosity	Minimum radius of particles/mm	Size ratio of maximum and minimum particles	Tensile strength of contact/MPa	Shear strength of contact/MPa
55	2.9	0.2	0.1	1.5	300	600

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表 2 石英玻璃在常态下的物理参数

Table 2. Physical properties of quartz glass under ambient condition

Method	Equivalent density/(kg·m^–3)	Elastic modulus/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Compressive strength/MPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Bending strength/MPa	Fracture toughness/(N·m^–3/2)
Manufacture provide	2.203	77.8	0.170	860	50	67.0	0.78
DEM numerical simulation	2.203	78.0	0.172	798	50	67.4	0.85

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