Numerical Simulation of Thin Steel Target Perforated by Conical-Nosed Projectile with Yaw Angle
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摘要: 为了研究攻角对锥头弹体贯穿薄钢靶破坏模式和弹体偏转的影响，利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了锥头弹体以2°～10°攻角贯穿薄钢靶的模型。先验证了模型及参数的可靠性，在此基础上进行了锥头弹体在不同攻角和初始速度条件下的贯穿数值模拟。结合靶板的破坏与弹体的偏转过程提出了一种四阶段分析模型，并系统地研究了攻角对弹道和弹体偏转角变化规律的影响。结果表明：攻角贯穿薄钢靶失效模式为非对称花瓣形破坏；攻角越大，初始速度越小（大于弹道极限速度），弹道偏转越明显；弹体偏转角变化规律与初始速度范围相关，当初始速度高于1.4倍弹道极限时，弹体偏转角呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势；弹体出靶时刻的角速度随攻角的增大而增大，随着初始速度的增加先反向增大后减小。Abstract: Numerical simulations are conducted for perforation of conical projectile impacting on thin steel target with various yaw angles to investigate the influence of yaw angle. The finite element models of conical projectile impacting on thin steel target with yaw angle varying from 2° to 10° are established with the non-linear finite element code ANSYS/LS-DYNA. After the reliability of numerical simulations is verified, numerical simulations of conical projectile impacting on thin steel target with different yaw angles and initial velocities are carried out. A four-step model to analyze the process of projectile’s deflection is addressed by comparing the process of target’s failure and projectile’s deflection. At last, we discuss the projectile’s trajectory angel deflection and angular velocity through the validated numerical analysis. The results show that the failure of asymmetric petalling occurs when a thin plate is impacted by conical-nosed projectile with yaw angle. With the increase of the yaw angle and the decrease of initial velocity, the deflection of the trajectory will be more obvious; the deflection change of projectile relates to the initial velocity; the deflection angle shows a trend of increasing first and subsequently decreasing when the initial impact velocity is relatively high (greater than about 1.4 times the ballistic limit). When the projectile moves out of target, the angular velocity rises with the increase of the yaw angle, but it increases reversely and then reduces with the increase of initial velocity.
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Key words:
- conical-nosed projectiles /
- yaw angle /
- perforation /
- attitude deflection /
- finite element simulation
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图 6 弹体攻角贯穿靶板典型过程（
$\alpha $ =6°）Figure 6. Typical perforation process of the projectile with yaw angle (
$\alpha $ =6°)
图 10 2°和10°攻角下不同初始速度弹体的偏转角变化历程
Figure 10. Deflection angle histories of the projectile at different initial velocities and yaw angels of 2° and 10°
图 11 不同攻角、速度为80.40 m/s和180.37 m/s时弹体偏转角变化历程
Figure 11. Deflection angle histories of the projectile at different yaw angels and initial velocities of 80.40 m/s and 180.37 m/s
图 14 10°攻角下不同初始速度下弹体角速度变化历程
Figure 14. Angular velocity histories of the projectile at 10° yaw angel and different initial velocities
图 15 不同初始速度下弹体出靶时刻角速度
Figure 15. Angular velocity of the projectile at different initial velocities after through target
图 16 2°和10°攻角下不同初始速度弹体的质心偏转轨迹
Figure 16. Projectile centroid trajectory at different initial velocities and yaw angels of 2° and 10°
图 17 不同攻角下初始速度为80.40 m/s和180.37 m/s时弹体的质心偏转轨迹
Figure 17. Projectile centroid trajectory at different yaw angels and initial velocities of 80.40 m/s and 180.37 m/s
A/MPa B/MPa n c ${\dot \varepsilon _0}$/s–1 Tr/K Tmelt/K 154 464 0.37 0.02 0.0001 300 1600 m D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 $\chi $ 0.7 1.2 0 0 0 0 0.9 $\rho $/(g·cm–3) C0/(m·s–1) S1 ${\gamma _0}$ $a$ cp/(J·kg–1· K–1) 7.80 4578 1.33 1.67 0.47 470 
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表 2 弹体正撞击靶板的初始与剩余速度
Table 2. Initial and residual velocities of the projectile impacting target vertically
vi/(m·s–1) vr/(m·s–1) Experiment results[13] Simulation results 72.32 0.43 6.81 80.40 37.09 42.28 100.84 67.13 75.84 121.22 92.37 101.26 141.67 118.10 124.77 180.37 156.24 160.99
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表 3 模型参数及弹道极限
Table 3. Model parameters and ballistic limits
Method a q vbl/(m·s–1) Experiment 1.00 1.95 72.85 Numerical simulation 1.00 2.20 72.13
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